diff --git a/codex-rs/core/src/codex_thread.rs b/codex-rs/core/src/codex_thread.rs
index 0fb65079a6..3e5c3ad948 100644
--- a/codex-rs/core/src/codex_thread.rs
+++ b/codex-rs/core/src/codex_thread.rs
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ use crate::elicitation::ElicitationRegistration;
 use crate::session::SessionIo;
 use crate::session::SessionSettingsUpdate;
 use crate::session::SteerInputError;
+use crate::session::TurnInput;
 use crate::session::session::Session;
 use crate::user_message_admission::UserMessageAdmission;
 use codex_exec_server::SelectedCapabilityRootsStatus;
@@ -93,8 +94,8 @@ pub enum TryStartTurnIfIdleRejectionReason {
     /// User/client-triggered mailbox work is already queued and must take
     /// priority over extension-initiated idle work.
     PendingTriggerTurn,
-    /// The thread is in Plan mode, where automatic idle work must not start a
-    /// new model turn.
+    /// The thread is in Plan mode, where idle work without user input must not
+    /// start a new model turn.
     PlanMode,
     /// Another turn or task is active, or the idle reservation was lost before
     /// the automatic turn could start.
@@ -106,11 +107,11 @@ pub enum TryStartTurnIfIdleRejectionReason {
 #[derive(Debug)]
 pub struct TryStartTurnIfIdleError {
     reason: TryStartTurnIfIdleRejectionReason,
-    input: Vec<ResponseItem>,
+    input: Vec<TurnInput>,
 }
 
 impl TryStartTurnIfIdleError {
-    pub(crate) fn new(reason: TryStartTurnIfIdleRejectionReason, input: Vec<ResponseItem>) -> Self {
+    pub(crate) fn new(reason: TryStartTurnIfIdleRejectionReason, input: Vec<TurnInput>) -> Self {
         Self { reason, input }
     }
 
@@ -119,9 +120,9 @@ impl TryStartTurnIfIdleError {
         self.reason
     }
 
-    /// Consumes the rejection and returns the original model-visible input
+    /// Consumes the rejection and returns the original turn input
     /// unchanged, so callers can retry, drop, or log it explicitly.
-    pub fn into_input(self) -> Vec<ResponseItem> {
+    pub fn into_input(self) -> Vec<TurnInput> {
         self.input
     }
 }
@@ -371,22 +372,22 @@ impl CodexThread {
         self.session.inject_if_running(items).await
     }
 
-    /// Starts an automatic regular turn with model-visible items only when idle
-    /// work is allowed for this thread.
+    /// Starts an automatic regular turn with response items or user input only
+    /// when idle work is allowed for this thread.
     ///
     /// This is the required entry point for extensions that want to launch
     /// model-visible work from `ThreadLifecycleContributor::on_thread_idle`.
-    /// The call succeeds only if no user/client-triggered turn is queued, no
-    /// task is currently active, and the thread is not in Plan mode. Active
-    /// Review tasks are rejected by the active-task check because Review turns
-    /// are not steerable.
+    /// The call succeeds only if no user/client-triggered turn is queued and no
+    /// task is currently active. Work without user input is also rejected in
+    /// Plan mode. Active Review tasks are rejected by the active-task check
+    /// because Review turns are not steerable.
     ///
     /// On rejection, the returned error includes a stable reason and carries
     /// the original `items` unchanged so the caller can decide whether to drop
     /// them, retry later, or log why no automatic turn was started.
     pub async fn try_start_turn_if_idle(
         &self,
-        items: Vec<ResponseItem>,
+        items: Vec<TurnInput>,
     ) -> Result<(), TryStartTurnIfIdleError> {
         self.session.try_start_turn_if_idle(items).await
     }
diff --git a/codex-rs/core/src/lib.rs b/codex-rs/core/src/lib.rs
index 612879cedc..f1ba9c705e 100644
--- a/codex-rs/core/src/lib.rs
+++ b/codex-rs/core/src/lib.rs
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@ mod responses_retry;
 pub(crate) mod session;
 pub use responses_metadata::CodexResponsesMetadata;
 pub use session::SteerInputError;
+pub use session::TurnInput;
 pub use turn_metadata::detached_memory_responses_metadata;
 mod codex_thread;
 mod compact_model_fallback;
diff --git a/codex-rs/core/src/session/inject.rs b/codex-rs/core/src/session/inject.rs
index e772513d00..9b73b05370 100644
--- a/codex-rs/core/src/session/inject.rs
+++ b/codex-rs/core/src/session/inject.rs
@@ -36,27 +36,31 @@ impl Session {
         }
     }
 
-    /// Starts a regular turn with the provided items only if automatic idle work
+    /// Starts a regular turn with the provided input only if automatic idle work
     /// is allowed for the current session state.
     ///
     /// This is the shared gate for extension-initiated idle work. It refuses to
-    /// start a turn when user/client-triggered work is queued, any task is still
-    /// active, or the session is currently in Plan mode. Active Review tasks are
-    /// covered by the active-task check because Review turns are not steerable.
+    /// start a turn when user/client-triggered work is queued or any task is
+    /// still active. Work without user input is also rejected in Plan mode.
+    /// Active Review tasks are covered by the active-task check because Review
+    /// turns are not steerable.
     pub(crate) async fn try_start_turn_if_idle(
         self: &Arc<Self>,
-        input: Vec<ResponseItem>,
+        input: Vec<TurnInput>,
     ) -> Result<(), TryStartTurnIfIdleError> {
         if input.is_empty() {
             return Ok(());
         }
+        let has_user_input = input.iter().any(
+            |item| matches!(item, TurnInput::UserInput { content, .. } if !content.is_empty()),
+        );
         if self.input_queue.has_trigger_turn_mailbox_items().await {
             return Err(TryStartTurnIfIdleError::new(
                 TryStartTurnIfIdleRejectionReason::PendingTriggerTurn,
                 input,
             ));
         }
-        if self.collaboration_mode().await.mode == ModeKind::Plan {
+        if !has_user_input && self.collaboration_mode().await.mode == ModeKind::Plan {
             return Err(TryStartTurnIfIdleError::new(
                 TryStartTurnIfIdleRejectionReason::PlanMode,
                 input,
@@ -87,7 +91,7 @@ impl Session {
         let turn_context = self
             .new_default_turn_with_sub_id(uuid::Uuid::new_v4().to_string())
             .await;
-        if turn_context.mode == ModeKind::Plan {
+        if !has_user_input && turn_context.mode == ModeKind::Plan {
             self.clear_reserved_idle_turn(&turn_state).await;
             self.maybe_start_turn_for_pending_work().await;
             return Err(TryStartTurnIfIdleError::new(
@@ -119,15 +123,23 @@ impl Session {
             ));
         }
 
-        self.input_queue
-            .extend_pending_input_for_turn_state(
-                turn_state.as_ref(),
-                input.into_iter().map(TurnInput::ResponseItem).collect(),
-            )
-            .await;
+        let task_input = if has_user_input {
+            self.clear_connector_selection().await;
+            for item in &input {
+                if let TurnInput::UserInput { content, .. } = item {
+                    turn_context.session_telemetry.user_prompt(content);
+                }
+            }
+            input
+        } else {
+            self.input_queue
+                .extend_pending_input_for_turn_state(turn_state.as_ref(), input)
+                .await;
+            Vec::new()
+        };
         self.start_task(
             turn_context,
-            Vec::new(),
+            task_input,
             RegularTask::new(),
             MailboxParentProvenance::Ignore,
         )
diff --git a/codex-rs/core/src/session/input_queue.rs b/codex-rs/core/src/session/input_queue.rs
index 34f6f778d7..d70dbe6306 100644
--- a/codex-rs/core/src/session/input_queue.rs
+++ b/codex-rs/core/src/session/input_queue.rs
@@ -9,8 +9,9 @@ use std::sync::Arc;
 use tokio::sync::Mutex;
 use tokio::sync::watch;
 
+/// Input consumed by a regular turn.
 #[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq)]
-pub(crate) enum TurnInput {
+pub enum TurnInput {
     UserInput {
         content: Vec<UserInput>,
         client_id: Option<String>,
diff --git a/codex-rs/core/src/session/mod.rs b/codex-rs/core/src/session/mod.rs
index ad31042d3a..db73bdbfa4 100644
--- a/codex-rs/core/src/session/mod.rs
+++ b/codex-rs/core/src/session/mod.rs
@@ -228,7 +228,7 @@ use self::config_lock::validate_config_lock_if_configured;
 use self::handlers::submission_dispatch_span;
 use self::handlers::submission_loop;
 pub(crate) use self::input_queue::InputQueueActivity;
-pub(crate) use self::input_queue::TurnInput;
+pub use self::input_queue::TurnInput;
 pub(crate) use self::input_queue::TurnInputQueue;
 use self::review::spawn_review_thread;
 use self::session::AppServerClientMetadata;
diff --git a/codex-rs/core/src/session/tests.rs b/codex-rs/core/src/session/tests.rs
index 38e2d7daaf..7c6f2fce4c 100644
--- a/codex-rs/core/src/session/tests.rs
+++ b/codex-rs/core/src/session/tests.rs
@@ -10317,7 +10317,7 @@ async fn try_start_turn_if_idle_rejects_active_turn_without_injecting() {
     )
     .await;
 
-    let item = user_message("synthetic idle input");
+    let item = TurnInput::ResponseItem(user_message("synthetic idle input"));
     let err = sess
         .try_start_turn_if_idle(vec![item.clone()])
         .await
@@ -10343,7 +10343,7 @@ async fn try_start_turn_if_idle_rejects_plan_mode_without_injecting() {
         state.session_configuration.collaboration_mode = collaboration_mode;
     }
 
-    let item = user_message("synthetic idle input");
+    let item = TurnInput::ResponseItem(user_message("synthetic idle input"));
     let err = sess
         .try_start_turn_if_idle(vec![item.clone()])
         .await
@@ -10358,6 +10358,59 @@ async fn try_start_turn_if_idle_rejects_plan_mode_without_injecting() {
     );
 }
 
+#[tokio::test]
+async fn try_start_turn_if_idle_accepts_user_input_in_plan_mode() {
+    let (sess, _tc, _rx) = make_session_and_context_with_rx().await;
+    let mut collaboration_mode = sess.collaboration_mode().await;
+    collaboration_mode.mode = ModeKind::Plan;
+    {
+        let mut state = sess.state.lock().await;
+        state.session_configuration.collaboration_mode = collaboration_mode;
+        state.merge_connector_selection(["calendar".to_string()]);
+    }
+
+    sess.try_start_turn_if_idle(vec![TurnInput::UserInput {
+        content: vec![UserInput::Text {
+            text: "queued user input".to_string(),
+            text_elements: Vec::new(),
+        }],
+        client_id: Some("queued-user-message".to_string()),
+    }])
+    .await
+    .expect("plan mode should accept user-authored idle input");
+
+    assert!(sess.state.lock().await.get_connector_selection().is_empty());
+
+    sess.abort_all_tasks(TurnAbortReason::Interrupted).await;
+}
+
+#[tokio::test]
+async fn try_start_turn_if_idle_rejects_empty_user_input_in_plan_mode() {
+    let (sess, _tc, _rx) = make_session_and_context_with_rx().await;
+    let mut collaboration_mode = sess.collaboration_mode().await;
+    collaboration_mode.mode = ModeKind::Plan;
+    {
+        let mut state = sess.state.lock().await;
+        state.session_configuration.collaboration_mode = collaboration_mode;
+    }
+
+    let input = vec![
+        TurnInput::UserInput {
+            content: Vec::new(),
+            client_id: Some("empty-queued-user-message".to_string()),
+        },
+        TurnInput::ResponseItem(user_message("automatic idle input")),
+    ];
+    let error = sess
+        .try_start_turn_if_idle(input.clone())
+        .await
+        .expect_err("empty user input should not bypass plan mode");
+
+    assert_eq!(TryStartTurnIfIdleRejectionReason::PlanMode, error.reason());
+    assert_eq!(input, error.into_input());
+    assert!(sess.active_turn.lock().await.is_none());
+}
+
 #[tokio::test]
 async fn try_start_turn_if_idle_rejects_pending_trigger_turn_without_injecting() {
     let (sess, _tc, _rx) = make_session_and_context_with_rx().await;
@@ -10374,7 +10427,7 @@ async fn try_start_turn_if_idle_rejects_pending_trigger_turn_without_injecting()
         )
         .await;
 
-    let item = user_message("synthetic idle input");
+    let item = TurnInput::ResponseItem(user_message("synthetic idle input"));
     let err = sess
         .try_start_turn_if_idle(vec![item.clone()])
         .await
@@ -10402,7 +10455,7 @@ async fn try_start_turn_if_idle_rejects_active_review_turn_without_injecting() {
     )
     .await;
 
-    let item = user_message("synthetic idle input");
+    let item = TurnInput::ResponseItem(user_message("synthetic idle input"));
     let err = sess
         .try_start_turn_if_idle(vec![item.clone()])
         .await
diff --git a/codex-rs/core/tests/suite/pending_input.rs b/codex-rs/core/tests/suite/pending_input.rs
index a5a3df2022..136996723e 100644
--- a/codex-rs/core/tests/suite/pending_input.rs
+++ b/codex-rs/core/tests/suite/pending_input.rs
@@ -2,11 +2,15 @@ use core_test_support::test_codex::local_selections;
 use std::sync::Arc;
 
 use codex_core::CodexThread;
+use codex_core::TurnInput;
 use codex_core::config::CurrentTimeReminderConfig;
 use codex_extension_items::ExtensionItem;
 use codex_extension_items::sleep::SleepItem;
 use codex_features::Feature;
 use codex_protocol::AgentPath;
+use codex_protocol::config_types::CollaborationMode;
+use codex_protocol::config_types::ModeKind;
+use codex_protocol::config_types::Settings;
 use codex_protocol::items::TurnItem;
 use codex_protocol::models::PermissionProfile;
 use codex_protocol::protocol::AskForApproval;
@@ -15,6 +19,7 @@ use codex_protocol::protocol::InterAgentCommunication;
 use codex_protocol::protocol::Op;
 use codex_protocol::protocol::RolloutItem;
 use codex_protocol::protocol::RolloutLine;
+use codex_protocol::protocol::ThreadSettingsOverrides;
 use codex_protocol::user_input::UserInput;
 use core_test_support::context_snapshot;
 use core_test_support::context_snapshot::ContextSnapshotOptions;
@@ -41,6 +46,138 @@ use serde_json::from_slice;
 use serde_json::json;
 use tokio::sync::oneshot;
 
+#[tokio::test(flavor = "multi_thread", worker_threads = 2)]
+async fn idle_user_input_reaches_the_first_model_request() -> anyhow::Result<()> {
+    assert_idle_user_input_reaches_the_first_model_request(ModeKind::Default).await
+}
+
+#[tokio::test(flavor = "multi_thread", worker_threads = 2)]
+async fn idle_user_input_reaches_the_first_model_request_in_plan_mode() -> anyhow::Result<()> {
+    assert_idle_user_input_reaches_the_first_model_request(ModeKind::Plan).await
+}
+
+#[tokio::test(flavor = "multi_thread", worker_threads = 2)]
+async fn idle_response_items_include_pending_mailbox_in_first_request() -> anyhow::Result<()> {
+    let server = responses::start_mock_server().await;
+    let response = responses::mount_sse_once(
+        &server,
+        responses::sse(vec![
+            ev_response_created("idle-response-items"),
+            ev_completed("idle-response-items"),
+        ]),
+    )
+    .await;
+    let test = test_codex().build_with_auto_env(&server).await?;
+
+    submit_queue_only_agent_mail(test.codex.as_ref(), "pending mailbox input").await;
+    test.codex
+        .try_start_turn_if_idle(vec![TurnInput::ResponseItem(responses::user_message_item(
+            "automatic response item",
+        ))])
+        .await
+        .map_err(|error| {
+            anyhow::anyhow!("idle response items were rejected: {:?}", error.reason())
+        })?;
+    wait_for_turn_complete(test.codex.as_ref()).await;
+
+    let request = response.single_request();
+    let user_messages = request.message_input_texts("user");
+    assert!(
+        user_messages
+            .iter()
+            .any(|message| message == "automatic response item")
+    );
+    assert!(
+        request
+            .inputs_of_type("agent_message")
+            .iter()
+            .any(|message| {
+                message["author"] == "/root/worker"
+                    && message["recipient"] == "/root"
+                    && message["content"].as_array().is_some_and(|content| {
+                        content.iter().any(|item| {
+                            item["type"] == "input_text" && item["text"] == "pending mailbox input"
+                        })
+                    })
+            })
+    );
+
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+async fn assert_idle_user_input_reaches_the_first_model_request(
+    mode: ModeKind,
+) -> anyhow::Result<()> {
+    let server = responses::start_mock_server().await;
+    let response = responses::mount_sse_once(
+        &server,
+        responses::sse(vec![
+            ev_response_created("idle-user-input"),
+            ev_completed("idle-user-input"),
+        ]),
+    )
+    .await;
+    let test = test_codex().build_with_auto_env(&server).await?;
+
+    if mode == ModeKind::Plan {
+        core_test_support::submit_thread_settings(
+            test.codex.as_ref(),
+            ThreadSettingsOverrides {
+                collaboration_mode: Some(CollaborationMode {
+                    mode,
+                    settings: Settings {
+                        model: test.session_configured.model.clone(),
+                        reasoning_effort: None,
+                        developer_instructions: None,
+                    },
+                }),
+                ..Default::default()
+            },
+        )
+        .await?;
+    }
+
+    let expected_input = vec![UserInput::Text {
+        text: "queued user input reaches the first request".to_string(),
+        text_elements: Vec::new(),
+    }];
+    test.codex
+        .try_start_turn_if_idle(vec![TurnInput::UserInput {
+            content: expected_input.clone(),
+            client_id: Some("queued-user-message".to_string()),
+        }])
+        .await
+        .map_err(|error| anyhow::anyhow!("idle user input was rejected: {:?}", error.reason()))?;
+
+    let user_message = core_test_support::wait_for_event_match(test.codex.as_ref(), |event| {
+        let EventMsg::ItemCompleted(event) = event else {
+            return None;
+        };
+        let TurnItem::UserMessage(item) = &event.item else {
+            return None;
+        };
+        Some(item.clone())
+    })
+    .await;
+    assert_eq!(
+        Some("queued-user-message".to_string()),
+        user_message.client_id
+    );
+    assert_eq!(expected_input, user_message.content);
+    wait_for_turn_complete(test.codex.as_ref()).await;
+
+    let request = response.single_request();
+    assert!(
+        request
+            .message_input_texts("user")
+            .iter()
+            .any(|text| text == "queued user input reaches the first request"),
+        "the first Responses request should contain the queued user message"
+    );
+
+    Ok(())
+}
+
 fn ev_message_item_done(id: &str, text: &str) -> Value {
     serde_json::json!({
         "type": "response.output_item.done",
diff --git a/codex-rs/core/tests/suite/skills.rs b/codex-rs/core/tests/suite/skills.rs
index a6a4716879..84407b5b86 100644
--- a/codex-rs/core/tests/suite/skills.rs
+++ b/codex-rs/core/tests/suite/skills.rs
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 #![allow(clippy::unwrap_used)]
 
 use anyhow::Result;
+use codex_core::TurnInput;
 use codex_exec_server::CreateDirectoryOptions;
 use codex_exec_server::ExecutorFileSystem;
 use codex_protocol::models::PermissionProfile;
@@ -133,3 +134,68 @@ async fn user_turn_includes_skill_instructions() -> Result<()> {
 
     Ok(())
 }
+
+#[tokio::test(flavor = "multi_thread", worker_threads = 2)]
+async fn idle_user_turn_includes_skill_instructions_in_the_first_request() -> Result<()> {
+    skip_if_target_windows!(Ok(()), "requires native cross-OS skill paths");
+    skip_if_no_network!(Ok(()));
+
+    let server = start_mock_server().await;
+    let skill_body = "queued skill body";
+    let mut builder = test_codex().with_workspace_setup(move |cwd, fs| async move {
+        write_repo_skill(cwd, fs, "queued-demo", "queued demo skill", skill_body).await
+    });
+    let test = builder.build_with_auto_env(&server).await?;
+    let skill_path = test
+        .config
+        .cwd
+        .join(".agents/skills/queued-demo/SKILL.md")
+        .canonicalize()
+        .unwrap_or_else(|_| test.config.cwd.join(".agents/skills/queued-demo/SKILL.md"))
+        .to_path_buf();
+    let mock = mount_sse_once(
+        &server,
+        sse(vec![
+            ev_response_created("queued-skill-response"),
+            ev_assistant_message("queued-skill-message", "done"),
+            ev_completed("queued-skill-response"),
+        ]),
+    )
+    .await;
+
+    test.codex
+        .try_start_turn_if_idle(vec![TurnInput::UserInput {
+            content: vec![
+                UserInput::Text {
+                    text: "please use $queued-demo".to_string(),
+                    text_elements: Vec::new(),
+                },
+                UserInput::Skill {
+                    name: "queued-demo".to_string(),
+                    path: skill_path.clone(),
+                },
+            ],
+            client_id: Some("queued-skill-user-message".to_string()),
+        }])
+        .await
+        .map_err(|error| anyhow::anyhow!("idle skill input was rejected: {:?}", error.reason()))?;
+
+    core_test_support::wait_for_event(test.codex.as_ref(), |event| {
+        matches!(event, codex_protocol::protocol::EventMsg::TurnComplete(_))
+    })
+    .await;
+
+    let user_texts = mock.single_request().message_input_texts("user");
+    let skill_path_str = skill_path.to_string_lossy();
+    assert!(
+        user_texts.iter().any(|text| {
+            text.contains("<skill>\n<name>queued-demo</name>")
+                && text.contains("<path>")
+                && text.contains(skill_body)
+                && text.contains(skill_path_str.as_ref())
+        }),
+        "expected queued skill instructions in the first request, got {user_texts:?}"
+    );
+
+    Ok(())
+}
diff --git a/codex-rs/ext/goal/src/runtime.rs b/codex-rs/ext/goal/src/runtime.rs
index 31b8b2eb8e..324e7a23d2 100644
--- a/codex-rs/ext/goal/src/runtime.rs
+++ b/codex-rs/ext/goal/src/runtime.rs
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ use std::sync::atomic::AtomicBool;
 use std::sync::atomic::Ordering;
 
 use codex_core::ThreadManager;
+use codex_core::TurnInput;
 use codex_protocol::ThreadId;
 use codex_protocol::models::ResponseItem;
 use codex_protocol::protocol::ThreadGoal;
@@ -402,7 +403,10 @@ impl GoalRuntimeHandle {
         }
         let item = continuation_steering_item(&protocol_goal_from_state(goal));
 
-        if let Err(err) = thread.try_start_turn_if_idle(vec![item]).await {
+        if let Err(err) = thread
+            .try_start_turn_if_idle(vec![TurnInput::ResponseItem(item)])
+            .await
+        {
             let reason = err.reason();
             tracing::debug!(
                 ?reason,