diff --git a/codex-rs/rmcp-client/src/bin/test_mcp_2026_stdio_server.rs b/codex-rs/rmcp-client/src/bin/test_mcp_2026_stdio_server.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..3f6afd99f3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/codex-rs/rmcp-client/src/bin/test_mcp_2026_stdio_server.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,250 @@
+use std::io;
+use std::io::BufRead;
+use std::io::Write;
+
+use anyhow::Result;
+use serde_json::Value;
+use serde_json::json;
+
+const MODERN_VERSION: &str = "2026-07-28";
+const LEGACY_VERSION: &str = "2025-06-18";
+const MAX_MESSAGE_BYTES: usize = 8 * 1024 * 1024;
+
+fn write_message(stdout: &mut io::StdoutLock<'_>, message: Value) -> Result<()> {
+    serde_json::to_writer(&mut *stdout, &message)?;
+    stdout.write_all(b"\n")?;
+    stdout.flush()?;
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+fn assert_modern_metadata(message: &Value) {
+    let metadata = &message["params"]["_meta"];
+    assert_eq!(
+        metadata["io.modelcontextprotocol/protocolVersion"],
+        MODERN_VERSION
+    );
+    assert!(metadata["io.modelcontextprotocol/clientInfo"].is_object());
+    assert!(metadata["io.modelcontextprotocol/clientCapabilities"].is_object());
+}
+
+fn legacy_schema_defaults() -> Value {
+    json!({
+        "name": "John Doe",
+        "age": 30,
+        "score": 95.5,
+        "status": "active",
+        "verified": true,
+    })
+}
+
+fn main() -> Result<()> {
+    let mode = std::env::args().nth(1).unwrap_or_default();
+    assert!(matches!(
+        mode.as_str(),
+        "modern" | "legacy" | "legacy-fallback" | "oversized-stdout" | "oversized-stdout-legacy"
+    ));
+    assert!(std::env::var_os("CODEX_MCP_PROTOCOL_VERSION").is_none());
+    let is_legacy = mode.starts_with("legacy") || mode.ends_with("-legacy");
+    let oversized = mode.starts_with("oversized-stdout");
+    let mut stdout = io::stdout().lock();
+    let mut initialized = false;
+    let mut pending_legacy_call = None;
+
+    for line in io::stdin().lock().lines() {
+        let message: Value = serde_json::from_str(&line?)?;
+        let Some(method) = message.get("method").and_then(Value::as_str) else {
+            let pending_call = pending_legacy_call
+                .take()
+                .ok_or_else(|| anyhow::anyhow!("unexpected server-request response"))?;
+            assert_eq!(message["id"], "legacy-approval");
+            assert_eq!(message["result"]["action"], "accept");
+            assert_eq!(message["result"]["content"], legacy_schema_defaults());
+            write_message(
+                &mut stdout,
+                json!({
+                    "jsonrpc": "2.0",
+                    "id": pending_call,
+                    "result": {"content": [{"type": "text", "text": "legacy approved"}]},
+                }),
+            )?;
+            continue;
+        };
+
+        match method {
+            "server/discover" if is_legacy => {
+                assert_eq!(mode, "legacy-fallback");
+                write_message(
+                    &mut stdout,
+                    json!({
+                        "jsonrpc": "2.0",
+                        "id": message["id"],
+                        "error": {"code": -32601, "message": "method not found"},
+                    }),
+                )?;
+            }
+            "server/discover" => {
+                assert!(!initialized);
+                assert_modern_metadata(&message);
+                initialized = true;
+                write_message(
+                    &mut stdout,
+                    json!({
+                        "jsonrpc": "2.0",
+                        "id": message["id"],
+                        "result": {
+                            "resultType": "complete",
+                            "supportedVersions": [MODERN_VERSION],
+                            "capabilities": {"tools": {}, "resources": {}},
+                            "_meta": {
+                                "io.modelcontextprotocol/serverInfo": {
+                                    "name": "strict-stdio-test",
+                                    "version": "1.0.0",
+                                },
+                            },
+                            "ttlMs": 0,
+                            "cacheScope": "private",
+                        },
+                    }),
+                )?;
+            }
+            "initialize" => {
+                assert!(is_legacy);
+                assert_eq!(message["params"]["protocolVersion"], LEGACY_VERSION);
+                initialized = true;
+                write_message(
+                    &mut stdout,
+                    json!({
+                        "jsonrpc": "2.0",
+                        "id": message["id"],
+                        "result": {
+                            "protocolVersion": LEGACY_VERSION,
+                            "capabilities": {"tools": {}},
+                            "serverInfo": {"name": "legacy-stdio-test", "version": "1.0.0"},
+                        },
+                    }),
+                )?;
+            }
+            "notifications/initialized" => assert!(is_legacy),
+            "tools/list" => {
+                assert!(initialized);
+                if !is_legacy {
+                    assert_modern_metadata(&message);
+                }
+                let description = if oversized {
+                    "x".repeat(MAX_MESSAGE_BYTES + 1)
+                } else {
+                    "echo a value".to_owned()
+                };
+                let mut result = json!({
+                    "tools": [{
+                        "name": "echo",
+                        "description": description,
+                        "inputSchema": {"type": "object"},
+                    }],
+                });
+                if !is_legacy {
+                    result["resultType"] = json!("complete");
+                    result["ttlMs"] = json!(0);
+                    result["cacheScope"] = json!("private");
+                }
+                write_message(
+                    &mut stdout,
+                    json!({"jsonrpc": "2.0", "id": message["id"], "result": result}),
+                )?;
+            }
+            "tools/call" if is_legacy => {
+                assert!(initialized);
+                pending_legacy_call = Some(message["id"].clone());
+                write_message(
+                    &mut stdout,
+                    json!({
+                        "jsonrpc": "2.0",
+                        "id": "legacy-approval",
+                        "method": "elicitation/create",
+                        "params": {
+                            "message": "Accept the schema defaults",
+                            "requestedSchema": {
+                                "type": "object",
+                                "properties": {
+                                    "name": {"type": "string", "default": "John Doe"},
+                                    "age": {"type": "integer", "default": 30},
+                                    "score": {"type": "number", "default": 95.5},
+                                    "status": {
+                                        "type": "string",
+                                        "enum": ["active", "inactive"],
+                                        "default": "active",
+                                    },
+                                    "verified": {"type": "boolean", "default": true},
+                                },
+                                "required": [],
+                            },
+                        },
+                    }),
+                )?;
+            }
+            "tools/call" => {
+                assert!(initialized);
+                assert_modern_metadata(&message);
+                if message.pointer("/params/inputResponses").is_none() {
+                    write_message(
+                        &mut stdout,
+                        json!({
+                            "jsonrpc": "2.0",
+                            "id": message["id"],
+                            "result": {
+                                "resultType": "input_required",
+                                "inputRequests": {
+                                    "approval": {
+                                        "method": "elicitation/create",
+                                        "params": {
+                                            "mode": "form",
+                                            "message": "Approve stdio call?",
+                                            "requestedSchema": {
+                                                "type": "object",
+                                                "properties": {
+                                                    "approved": {"type": "boolean"},
+                                                },
+                                            },
+                                        },
+                                    },
+                                },
+                                "requestState": "stdio-state",
+                                "_meta": {
+                                    "io.modelcontextprotocol/serverInfo": {
+                                        "name": "strict-stdio-test",
+                                        "version": "1.0.0",
+                                    },
+                                },
+                            },
+                        }),
+                    )?;
+                    continue;
+                }
+
+                assert_eq!(message["params"]["requestState"], "stdio-state");
+                assert_eq!(
+                    message["params"]["inputResponses"]["approval"]["action"],
+                    "accept"
+                );
+                assert_eq!(
+                    message["params"]["inputResponses"]["approval"]["content"]["approved"],
+                    true
+                );
+                write_message(
+                    &mut stdout,
+                    json!({
+                        "jsonrpc": "2.0",
+                        "id": message["id"],
+                        "result": {
+                            "resultType": "complete",
+                            "content": [{"type": "text", "text": "modern approved"}],
+                        },
+                    }),
+                )?;
+            }
+            other => anyhow::bail!("unexpected MCP method {other}"),
+        }
+    }
+
+    Ok(())
+}
diff --git a/codex-rs/rmcp-client/src/elicitation_client_service.rs b/codex-rs/rmcp-client/src/elicitation_client_service.rs
index 5d89c08ca9..84cef31d04 100644
--- a/codex-rs/rmcp-client/src/elicitation_client_service.rs
+++ b/codex-rs/rmcp-client/src/elicitation_client_service.rs
@@ -5,7 +5,10 @@ use rmcp::model::ClientInfo;
 use rmcp::model::ClientResult;
 use rmcp::model::CustomRequest;
 use rmcp::model::CustomResult;
+use rmcp::model::ElicitResult;
 use rmcp::model::ElicitationAction;
+use rmcp::model::MetaObject;
+use rmcp::model::ProtocolVersion;
 use rmcp::model::RequestMetaObject;
 use rmcp::model::RequestParamsMeta;
 use rmcp::model::ServerNotification;
@@ -94,22 +97,42 @@ impl Service<RoleClient> for ElicitationClientService {
     ) -> Result<ClientResult, rmcp::ErrorData> {
         match request {
             ServerRequest::ElicitRequest(request) => {
+                let modern_session = context
+                    .peer
+                    .peer_info()
+                    .is_some_and(|info| info.protocol_version >= ProtocolVersion::V_2026_07_28);
                 let response = self
                     .create_elicitation(Elicitation::Mcp(request.params), context)
                     .await?;
-                // RMCP's typed ElicitResult does not model result-level `_meta`.
-                let result = elicitation_response_result(response)?;
-                Ok(ClientResult::CustomResult(result))
+                if modern_session {
+                    Ok(ClientResult::ElicitResult(typed_elicitation_result(
+                        response,
+                    )?))
+                } else {
+                    Ok(ClientResult::CustomResult(elicitation_response_result(
+                        response,
+                    )?))
+                }
             }
             ServerRequest::CustomRequest(request)
                 if request.method == MCP_ELICITATION_CREATE_METHOD =>
             {
+                let modern_session = context
+                    .peer
+                    .peer_info()
+                    .is_some_and(|info| info.protocol_version >= ProtocolVersion::V_2026_07_28);
                 let response = self
                     .create_elicitation(custom_mcp_elicitation(request)?, context)
                     .await?;
-                Ok(ClientResult::CustomResult(elicitation_response_result(
-                    response,
-                )?))
+                if modern_session {
+                    Ok(ClientResult::ElicitResult(typed_elicitation_result(
+                        response,
+                    )?))
+                } else {
+                    Ok(ClientResult::CustomResult(elicitation_response_result(
+                        response,
+                    )?))
+                }
             }
             ServerRequest::CustomRequest(request)
                 if request.method == OPENAI_FORM_METHOD && self.supports_openai_form =>
@@ -227,6 +250,29 @@ fn elicitation_response_result(
         .map_err(|err| rmcp::ErrorData::internal_error(err.to_string(), None))
 }
 
+fn typed_elicitation_result(
+    response: ElicitationResponse,
+) -> Result<ElicitResult, rmcp::ErrorData> {
+    let ElicitationResponse {
+        action,
+        content,
+        meta,
+    } = response;
+    let mut result = ElicitResult::new(action);
+    result.content = content;
+    result.meta = match meta {
+        None => None,
+        Some(Value::Object(meta)) => Some(MetaObject::from(meta)),
+        Some(meta) => {
+            return Err(rmcp::ErrorData::invalid_params(
+                format!("MCP elicitation response _meta must be an object, got {meta}"),
+                None,
+            ));
+        }
+    };
+    Ok(result)
+}
+
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests {
     use pretty_assertions::assert_eq;
@@ -286,7 +332,7 @@ mod tests {
         let ServerRequest::ElicitRequest(request) = request else {
             panic!("legacy elicitation/create must dispatch to the typed handler");
         };
-        let rmcp::model::ElicitRequestParams::FormElicitationParams {
+        let ElicitRequestParams::FormElicitationParams {
             requested_schema, ..
         } = request.params
         else {
@@ -418,6 +464,37 @@ mod tests {
         );
     }
 
+    #[test]
+    fn typed_elicitation_result_preserves_response_meta() {
+        let result = typed_elicitation_result(ElicitationResponse {
+            action: ElicitationAction::Accept,
+            content: Some(json!({ "confirmed": true })),
+            meta: Some(json!({ "persist": "always" })),
+        })
+        .expect("modern elicitation response should serialize");
+
+        assert_eq!(
+            serde_json::to_value(result).expect("typed elicitation result should serialize"),
+            json!({
+                "action": "accept",
+                "content": { "confirmed": true },
+                "_meta": { "persist": "always" },
+            })
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn typed_elicitation_result_rejects_non_object_meta() {
+        let error = typed_elicitation_result(ElicitationResponse {
+            action: ElicitationAction::Accept,
+            content: None,
+            meta: Some(json!(["invalid"])),
+        })
+        .expect_err("modern elicitation metadata must be an object");
+
+        assert_eq!(error.code, rmcp::model::ErrorCode::INVALID_PARAMS);
+    }
+
     fn form_request(meta: Option<RequestMetaObject>) -> ElicitRequestParams {
         ElicitRequestParams::FormElicitationParams {
             meta,
diff --git a/codex-rs/rmcp-client/src/executor_process_transport.rs b/codex-rs/rmcp-client/src/executor_process_transport.rs
index 4f3271f6e1..f36c14f70e 100644
--- a/codex-rs/rmcp-client/src/executor_process_transport.rs
+++ b/codex-rs/rmcp-client/src/executor_process_transport.rs
@@ -356,11 +356,24 @@ impl ExecutorProcessTransport {
             .await
             .map_err(io::Error::other)?;
         for chunk in response.chunks {
+            let expected_seq = self.last_seq.saturating_add(1);
+            if chunk.seq > expected_seq {
+                return Err(self.close_for_lost_output(expected_seq, chunk.seq));
+            }
             self.push_process_output_if_new(chunk);
             if self.closed {
                 return Ok(());
             }
         }
+        // Process reads include output chunks but not the sequenced `Exited`
+        // and `Closed` events. Account for those terminal events without
+        // allowing an evicted output chunk to be silently spliced into MCP.
+        let terminal_event_count = u64::from(response.exited) + u64::from(response.closed);
+        let next_output_seq = response.next_seq.saturating_sub(terminal_event_count);
+        let expected_seq = self.last_seq.saturating_add(1);
+        if next_output_seq > expected_seq {
+            return Err(self.close_for_lost_output(expected_seq, next_output_seq));
+        }
         self.last_seq = self.last_seq.max(response.next_seq.saturating_sub(1));
         if let Some(message) = response.failure {
             warn!(
@@ -374,6 +387,18 @@ impl ExecutorProcessTransport {
         Ok(())
     }
 
+    fn close_for_lost_output(&mut self, expected_seq: u64, received_seq: u64) -> io::Error {
+        self.stdout.clear();
+        self.stderr.clear();
+        self.closed = true;
+        io::Error::new(
+            io::ErrorKind::InvalidData,
+            format!(
+                "remote MCP server output stream lost process events: expected sequence {expected_seq}, received {received_seq}"
+            ),
+        )
+    }
+
     fn push_process_output_if_new(&mut self, chunk: ProcessOutputChunk) {
         if !self.should_accept_seq(chunk.seq) {
             return;
diff --git a/codex-rs/rmcp-client/src/executor_process_transport_tests.rs b/codex-rs/rmcp-client/src/executor_process_transport_tests.rs
index 5b5b7e5e82..82fdaddcc9 100644
--- a/codex-rs/rmcp-client/src/executor_process_transport_tests.rs
+++ b/codex-rs/rmcp-client/src/executor_process_transport_tests.rs
@@ -1,8 +1,10 @@
 use bytes::BytesMut;
+use codex_exec_server::ExecOutputStream;
 use codex_exec_server::ExecProcess;
 use codex_exec_server::ExecProcessEventReceiver;
 use codex_exec_server::ExecProcessFuture;
 use codex_exec_server::ProcessId;
+use codex_exec_server::ProcessOutputChunk;
 use codex_exec_server::ProcessSignal;
 use codex_exec_server::ReadResponse;
 use codex_exec_server::WriteResponse;
@@ -12,6 +14,7 @@ use rmcp::service::RoleClient;
 use rmcp::service::TxJsonRpcMessage;
 use rmcp::transport::Transport;
 use serde_json::json;
+use std::io;
 use std::sync::Arc;
 use std::sync::Mutex as StdMutex;
 use std::sync::atomic::AtomicBool;
@@ -22,6 +25,7 @@ use tokio::sync::watch;
 use super::ExecutorProcessTransport;
 use super::LineBuffer;
 use super::LineTooLong;
+use super::MAX_MCP_STDERR_LINE_BYTES;
 use super::MAX_MCP_STDOUT_LINE_BYTES;
 
 struct BlockingFirstWriteProcess {
@@ -83,6 +87,66 @@ impl ExecProcess for BlockingFirstWriteProcess {
     }
 }
 
+struct RetainedReadProcess {
+    process_id: ProcessId,
+    response: ReadResponse,
+}
+
+impl ExecProcess for RetainedReadProcess {
+    fn process_id(&self) -> &ProcessId {
+        &self.process_id
+    }
+
+    fn subscribe_wake(&self) -> watch::Receiver<u64> {
+        watch::channel(0).1
+    }
+
+    fn subscribe_events(&self) -> ExecProcessEventReceiver {
+        ExecProcessEventReceiver::empty()
+    }
+
+    fn read(
+        &self,
+        _after_seq: Option<u64>,
+        _max_bytes: Option<usize>,
+        _wait_ms: Option<u64>,
+    ) -> ExecProcessFuture<'_, ReadResponse> {
+        Box::pin(async { Ok(self.response.clone()) })
+    }
+
+    fn write(&self, _chunk: Vec<u8>) -> ExecProcessFuture<'_, WriteResponse> {
+        Box::pin(async { unreachable!("recovery tests should not write process input") })
+    }
+
+    fn signal(&self, _signal: ProcessSignal) -> ExecProcessFuture<'_, ()> {
+        Box::pin(async { Ok(()) })
+    }
+
+    fn terminate(&self) -> ExecProcessFuture<'_, ()> {
+        Box::pin(async { Ok(()) })
+    }
+}
+
+fn recovered_output(seq: u64, stream: ExecOutputStream, bytes: &[u8]) -> ProcessOutputChunk {
+    ProcessOutputChunk {
+        seq,
+        stream,
+        chunk: bytes.to_vec().into(),
+    }
+}
+
+fn retained_read_response(chunks: Vec<ProcessOutputChunk>, next_seq: u64) -> ReadResponse {
+    ReadResponse {
+        chunks,
+        next_seq,
+        exited: false,
+        exit_code: None,
+        closed: false,
+        failure: None,
+        sandbox_denied: false,
+    }
+}
+
 #[tokio::test]
 async fn serializes_concurrent_stdin_writes() {
     let process = Arc::new(BlockingFirstWriteProcess {
@@ -137,6 +201,177 @@ async fn serializes_concurrent_stdin_writes() {
     );
 }
 
+#[tokio::test]
+async fn rejects_lagged_recovery_when_retained_output_skips_a_sequence() {
+    let process = Arc::new(RetainedReadProcess {
+        process_id: ProcessId::from("mcp-stdio-lost-output"),
+        response: retained_read_response(
+            vec![recovered_output(
+                /*seq*/ 6,
+                ExecOutputStream::Stdout,
+                br#"{"jsonrpc":"2.0","id":1,"result":{}}"#,
+            )],
+            /*next_seq*/ 7,
+        ),
+    });
+    let mut transport = ExecutorProcessTransport::new(process, "mcp-stdio-lost-output".to_string());
+    transport.last_seq = 4;
+    transport
+        .stdout
+        .extend_from_slice(br#"{"jsonrpc":"2.0","id":1,"result":""#)
+        .expect("partial stdout should fit");
+    transport
+        .stderr
+        .extend_from_slice(b"partial diagnostic")
+        .expect("partial stderr should fit");
+
+    let error = transport
+        .recover_lagged_events()
+        .await
+        .expect_err("evicted output must close the transport");
+
+    assert_eq!(error.kind(), io::ErrorKind::InvalidData);
+    assert_eq!(
+        error.to_string(),
+        "remote MCP server output stream lost process events: expected sequence 5, received 6"
+    );
+    assert_eq!(transport.stdout, LineBuffer::default());
+    assert_eq!(transport.stderr, LineBuffer::new(MAX_MCP_STDERR_LINE_BYTES));
+    assert!(transport.closed);
+}
+
+#[tokio::test]
+async fn rejects_lagged_recovery_when_all_missing_output_was_evicted() {
+    let process = Arc::new(RetainedReadProcess {
+        process_id: ProcessId::from("mcp-stdio-evicted-output"),
+        response: retained_read_response(Vec::new(), /*next_seq*/ 7),
+    });
+    let mut transport =
+        ExecutorProcessTransport::new(process, "mcp-stdio-evicted-output".to_string());
+    transport.last_seq = 4;
+
+    let error = transport
+        .recover_lagged_events()
+        .await
+        .expect_err("missing retained output must close the transport");
+
+    assert_eq!(error.kind(), io::ErrorKind::InvalidData);
+    assert_eq!(
+        error.to_string(),
+        "remote MCP server output stream lost process events: expected sequence 5, received 7"
+    );
+    assert!(transport.closed);
+}
+
+#[tokio::test]
+async fn recovers_contiguous_output_after_a_duplicate_replayed_event() {
+    let process = Arc::new(RetainedReadProcess {
+        process_id: ProcessId::from("mcp-stdio-duplicate-output"),
+        response: retained_read_response(
+            vec![
+                recovered_output(
+                    /*seq*/ 4,
+                    ExecOutputStream::Stdout,
+                    b"duplicate output\n",
+                ),
+                recovered_output(
+                    /*seq*/ 5,
+                    ExecOutputStream::Stdout,
+                    b"recovered stdout\n",
+                ),
+                recovered_output(
+                    /*seq*/ 6,
+                    ExecOutputStream::Stderr,
+                    b"recovered stderr\n",
+                ),
+            ],
+            /*next_seq*/ 7,
+        ),
+    });
+    let mut transport =
+        ExecutorProcessTransport::new(process, "mcp-stdio-duplicate-output".to_string());
+    transport.last_seq = 4;
+
+    transport
+        .recover_lagged_events()
+        .await
+        .expect("duplicate replay must not prevent recovery of contiguous output");
+
+    assert_eq!(
+        transport.stdout.take_line(),
+        Some(BytesMut::from(&b"recovered stdout"[..]))
+    );
+    assert_eq!(transport.stdout.take_line(), None);
+    assert_eq!(transport.stderr, LineBuffer::new(MAX_MCP_STDERR_LINE_BYTES));
+    assert_eq!(transport.last_seq, 6);
+    assert!(!transport.closed);
+}
+
+#[tokio::test]
+async fn recovers_contiguous_output_and_accounts_for_terminal_events() {
+    let mut response = retained_read_response(
+        vec![
+            recovered_output(
+                /*seq*/ 5,
+                ExecOutputStream::Stdout,
+                b"recovered stdout\n",
+            ),
+            recovered_output(
+                /*seq*/ 6,
+                ExecOutputStream::Stderr,
+                b"recovered stderr\n",
+            ),
+        ],
+        /*next_seq*/ 9,
+    );
+    response.exited = true;
+    response.exit_code = Some(0);
+    response.closed = true;
+    let process = Arc::new(RetainedReadProcess {
+        process_id: ProcessId::from("mcp-stdio-recovered-output"),
+        response,
+    });
+    let mut transport =
+        ExecutorProcessTransport::new(process, "mcp-stdio-recovered-output".to_string());
+    transport.last_seq = 4;
+
+    transport
+        .recover_lagged_events()
+        .await
+        .expect("contiguous retained output should remain recoverable");
+
+    assert_eq!(
+        transport.stdout.take_line(),
+        Some(BytesMut::from(&b"recovered stdout"[..]))
+    );
+    assert_eq!(transport.stderr, LineBuffer::new(MAX_MCP_STDERR_LINE_BYTES));
+    assert_eq!(transport.last_seq, 8);
+    assert!(transport.closed);
+}
+
+#[tokio::test]
+async fn closes_on_an_unsequenced_process_failure_without_inventing_missing_output() {
+    let mut response = retained_read_response(Vec::new(), /*next_seq*/ 5);
+    response.exited = true;
+    response.closed = true;
+    response.failure = Some("executor disconnected".to_string());
+    let process = Arc::new(RetainedReadProcess {
+        process_id: ProcessId::from("mcp-stdio-failed-process"),
+        response,
+    });
+    let mut transport =
+        ExecutorProcessTransport::new(process, "mcp-stdio-failed-process".to_string());
+    transport.last_seq = 4;
+
+    transport
+        .recover_lagged_events()
+        .await
+        .expect("an unsequenced executor failure is not an output sequence gap");
+
+    assert_eq!(transport.last_seq, 4);
+    assert!(transport.closed);
+}
+
 #[test]
 fn searches_only_new_bytes_after_partial_line() {
     let mut buffer = LineBuffer::default();
diff --git a/codex-rs/rmcp-client/src/http_client_adapter.rs b/codex-rs/rmcp-client/src/http_client_adapter.rs
index 87995b5bea..db0c579a9b 100644
--- a/codex-rs/rmcp-client/src/http_client_adapter.rs
+++ b/codex-rs/rmcp-client/src/http_client_adapter.rs
@@ -48,6 +48,7 @@ use sse_stream::Sse;
 use sse_stream::SseStream;
 
 use crate::incoming_jsonrpc::deserialize_incoming_jsonrpc_message;
+use crate::incoming_jsonrpc::normalize_sse_jsonrpc_message;
 use crate::local_stdio_transport::MAX_MCP_STDIO_LINE_BYTES;
 
 mod www_authenticate;
@@ -261,7 +262,7 @@ impl StreamableHttpClient for StreamableHttpClientAdapter {
         }
         match content_type.as_deref() {
             Some(content_type) if content_type.starts_with(EVENT_STREAM_MIME_TYPE) => {
-                let mut event_stream = sse_stream_from_body(body_stream);
+                let mut event_stream = sse_stream_from_body(body_stream, maximum_response_bytes);
                 if mcp_method.as_deref() == Some(DiscoverRequestMethod::VALUE) {
                     while let Some(event) = event_stream.next().await {
                         let event = event.map_err(StreamableHttpError::Sse)?;
@@ -292,7 +293,6 @@ impl StreamableHttpClient for StreamableHttpClientAdapter {
                         "empty sse stream".into(),
                     ));
                 }
-
                 Ok(StreamableHttpPostResponse::Sse(event_stream, session_id))
             }
             Some(content_type) if content_type.starts_with(JSON_MIME_TYPE) => {
@@ -460,7 +460,12 @@ impl StreamableHttpClient for StreamableHttpClientAdapter {
             }
         }
 
-        Ok(sse_stream_from_body(body_stream))
+        let maximum_response_bytes = headers
+            .get(HEADER_MCP_PROTOCOL_VERSION)
+            .and_then(|value| value.to_str().ok())
+            .is_some_and(|version| version == ProtocolVersion::V_2026_07_28.as_str())
+            .then_some(MAX_MCP_STDIO_LINE_BYTES);
+        Ok(sse_stream_from_body(body_stream, maximum_response_bytes))
     }
 }
 
@@ -793,13 +798,124 @@ async fn collect_body(
 
 fn sse_stream_from_body(
     body_stream: HttpResponseBodyStream,
+    maximum_event_bytes: Option<usize>,
 ) -> BoxStream<'static, std::result::Result<Sse, sse_stream::Error>> {
-    SseStream::from_bytes_stream(stream::unfold(body_stream, |mut body_stream| async move {
-        match body_stream.recv().await {
-            Ok(Some(bytes)) => Some((Ok(Bytes::from(bytes)), body_stream)),
-            Ok(None) => None,
-            Err(error) => Some((Err(io::Error::other(error)), body_stream)),
-        }
-    }))
+    let modern_session = maximum_event_bytes.is_some();
+    SseStream::from_bytes_stream(stream::unfold(
+        (body_stream, SseEventSizeLimit::new(maximum_event_bytes)),
+        |(mut body_stream, mut size_limit)| async move {
+            match body_stream.recv().await {
+                Ok(Some(bytes)) => {
+                    if let Err(error) = size_limit.observe(&bytes) {
+                        Some((Err(error), (body_stream, size_limit)))
+                    } else {
+                        Some((Ok(Bytes::from(bytes)), (body_stream, size_limit)))
+                    }
+                }
+                Ok(None) => None,
+                Err(error) => Some((Err(io::Error::other(error)), (body_stream, size_limit))),
+            }
+        },
+    ))
+    .map(move |event| {
+        event.map(|mut event| {
+            if let Some(payload) = event.data.as_deref()
+                && let Some(normalized) = normalize_sse_jsonrpc_message(payload, modern_session)
+            {
+                event.data = Some(normalized);
+            }
+            event
+        })
+    })
     .boxed()
 }
+
+struct SseEventSizeLimit {
+    maximum_bytes: Option<usize>,
+    retained_bytes: usize,
+    line_bytes: usize,
+    line_is_comment: bool,
+    previous_was_carriage_return: bool,
+    failed: bool,
+}
+
+impl SseEventSizeLimit {
+    fn new(maximum_bytes: Option<usize>) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            maximum_bytes,
+            retained_bytes: 0,
+            line_bytes: 0,
+            line_is_comment: false,
+            previous_was_carriage_return: false,
+            failed: false,
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn observe(&mut self, bytes: &[u8]) -> io::Result<()> {
+        if self.failed {
+            return Err(io::Error::new(
+                io::ErrorKind::InvalidData,
+                "oversized MCP SSE event was already rejected",
+            ));
+        }
+        let Some(maximum_bytes) = self.maximum_bytes else {
+            return Ok(());
+        };
+
+        for &byte in bytes {
+            if self.previous_was_carriage_return {
+                self.previous_was_carriage_return = false;
+                if byte == b'\n' {
+                    continue;
+                }
+            }
+
+            match byte {
+                b'\r' => {
+                    self.finish_line(maximum_bytes)?;
+                    self.previous_was_carriage_return = true;
+                }
+                b'\n' => self.finish_line(maximum_bytes)?,
+                _ => {
+                    if self.line_bytes == 0 {
+                        self.line_is_comment = byte == b':';
+                    }
+                    self.line_bytes = self.line_bytes.saturating_add(1);
+                    self.check_limit(maximum_bytes)?;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    fn finish_line(&mut self, maximum_bytes: usize) -> io::Result<()> {
+        if self.line_bytes == 0 {
+            self.retained_bytes = 0;
+        } else if !self.line_is_comment {
+            // The SSE parser inserts a newline when joining multiple data fields.
+            self.retained_bytes = self
+                .retained_bytes
+                .saturating_add(self.line_bytes)
+                .saturating_add(1);
+        }
+
+        self.line_bytes = 0;
+        self.line_is_comment = false;
+        self.check_limit(maximum_bytes)
+    }
+
+    fn check_limit(&mut self, maximum_bytes: usize) -> io::Result<()> {
+        if self.retained_bytes.saturating_add(self.line_bytes) > maximum_bytes {
+            self.failed = true;
+            return Err(io::Error::new(
+                io::ErrorKind::InvalidData,
+                format!("MCP response body exceeds {maximum_bytes} bytes"),
+            ));
+        }
+        Ok(())
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+#[path = "http_client_adapter_tests.rs"]
+mod tests;
diff --git a/codex-rs/rmcp-client/src/http_client_adapter_tests.rs b/codex-rs/rmcp-client/src/http_client_adapter_tests.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..261eff9c9e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/codex-rs/rmcp-client/src/http_client_adapter_tests.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,201 @@
+use std::io::ErrorKind;
+
+use pretty_assertions::assert_eq;
+
+use super::SseEventSizeLimit;
+
+#[test]
+fn lf_terminators_reset_the_event_limit() {
+    let mut limit = SseEventSizeLimit::new(Some(8));
+
+    limit
+        .observe(b"data: a\n\ndata: b\n\n")
+        .expect("LF-terminated events must have independent size limits");
+
+    assert_eq!((limit.retained_bytes, limit.line_bytes), (0, 0));
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn carriage_return_terminators_reset_the_event_limit() {
+    let mut limit = SseEventSizeLimit::new(Some(8));
+
+    limit
+        .observe(b"data: a\r\rdata: b\r\r")
+        .expect("CR-terminated events must have independent size limits");
+
+    assert_eq!((limit.retained_bytes, limit.line_bytes), (0, 0));
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn crlf_terminators_split_across_chunks_reset_the_event_limit() {
+    let mut limit = SseEventSizeLimit::new(Some(8));
+
+    limit
+        .observe(b"data: a\r")
+        .expect("a CR must finish the first event field");
+    limit
+        .observe(b"\n\r")
+        .expect("a split CRLF must not finish another field");
+    limit
+        .observe(b"\ndata: b\r")
+        .expect("the blank CRLF must reset the first event");
+    limit
+        .observe(b"\n\r\n")
+        .expect("the second split CRLF event must remain within the limit");
+
+    assert_eq!((limit.retained_bytes, limit.line_bytes), (0, 0));
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn event_at_the_exact_size_limit_is_accepted() {
+    let mut limit = SseEventSizeLimit::new(Some(9));
+
+    limit
+        .observe(b"data: ab\n\n")
+        .expect("an event at the exact limit must be accepted");
+
+    assert_eq!((limit.retained_bytes, limit.line_bytes), (0, 0));
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn completed_keepalive_comments_do_not_accumulate() {
+    let mut limit = SseEventSizeLimit::new(Some(6));
+
+    limit
+        .observe(&b": ping\n".repeat(/*n*/ 64))
+        .expect("completed keepalive comments must not accumulate");
+
+    assert_eq!((limit.retained_bytes, limit.line_bytes), (0, 0));
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn split_keepalive_comments_are_discarded_only_when_complete() {
+    let mut limit = SseEventSizeLimit::new(Some(6));
+
+    limit
+        .observe(b": pi")
+        .expect("an incomplete comment within the limit must be retained");
+    assert_eq!((limit.retained_bytes, limit.line_bytes), (0, 4));
+
+    limit
+        .observe(b"ng\n: ping\n")
+        .expect("only completed comments may be excluded from the limit");
+
+    assert_eq!((limit.retained_bytes, limit.line_bytes), (0, 0));
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn comments_do_not_reset_accumulated_event_data() {
+    let mut limit = SseEventSizeLimit::new(Some(14));
+
+    limit
+        .observe(b"data: a\n")
+        .expect("the first data field must fit");
+    limit
+        .observe(b": ping\n")
+        .expect("a completed comment must not count as event data");
+
+    let error = limit
+        .observe(b"data: b\n")
+        .expect_err("a comment must not reset previously retained data");
+
+    assert_eq!(
+        (error.kind(), error.to_string()),
+        (
+            ErrorKind::InvalidData,
+            "MCP response body exceeds 14 bytes".to_string(),
+        )
+    );
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn an_unterminated_comment_remains_size_limited() {
+    let mut limit = SseEventSizeLimit::new(Some(6));
+
+    limit
+        .observe(b": ping")
+        .expect("a comment at the exact limit must be accepted");
+
+    let error = limit
+        .observe(b"!")
+        .expect_err("an unterminated comment must not bypass the limit");
+
+    assert_eq!(
+        (error.kind(), error.to_string()),
+        (
+            ErrorKind::InvalidData,
+            "MCP response body exceeds 6 bytes".to_string(),
+        )
+    );
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn multiline_data_counts_parser_inserted_newlines() {
+    let mut limit = SseEventSizeLimit::new(Some(18));
+
+    let error = limit
+        .observe(b"data: aaa\ndata: bbb\n\n")
+        .expect_err("joined multiline event data must remain size limited");
+
+    assert_eq!(
+        (error.kind(), error.to_string()),
+        (
+            ErrorKind::InvalidData,
+            "MCP response body exceeds 18 bytes".to_string(),
+        )
+    );
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn legacy_sse_streams_remain_unlimited() {
+    let mut limit = SseEventSizeLimit::new(/*maximum_bytes*/ None);
+
+    limit
+        .observe(&[b'x'; 128])
+        .expect("legacy SSE streams must not gain a message limit");
+
+    assert_eq!(
+        (
+            limit.retained_bytes,
+            limit.line_bytes,
+            limit.line_is_comment,
+            limit.previous_was_carriage_return,
+            limit.failed,
+        ),
+        (0, 0, false, false, false)
+    );
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn rejected_events_remain_rejected() {
+    let mut limit = SseEventSizeLimit::new(Some(8));
+
+    limit
+        .observe(b"data: abc")
+        .expect_err("an oversized event must be rejected");
+
+    let error = limit
+        .observe(b"")
+        .expect_err("a rejected event must not be resumed");
+
+    assert_eq!(
+        (error.kind(), error.to_string()),
+        (
+            ErrorKind::InvalidData,
+            "oversized MCP SSE event was already rejected".to_string(),
+        )
+    );
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn size_accounting_saturates_without_overflow() {
+    let mut limit = SseEventSizeLimit::new(Some(usize::MAX - 1));
+    limit.retained_bytes = usize::MAX - 2;
+    limit.line_bytes = 1;
+
+    let error = limit
+        .observe(b"x")
+        .expect_err("saturating counts must still reject an oversized event");
+
+    assert_eq!((error.kind(), limit.failed), (ErrorKind::InvalidData, true));
+}
diff --git a/codex-rs/rmcp-client/src/incoming_jsonrpc.rs b/codex-rs/rmcp-client/src/incoming_jsonrpc.rs
index 6e797bbccc..209d0d8f94 100644
--- a/codex-rs/rmcp-client/src/incoming_jsonrpc.rs
+++ b/codex-rs/rmcp-client/src/incoming_jsonrpc.rs
@@ -1,7 +1,8 @@
-//! Compatibility decoding for modern discovery responses whose server identity
-//! is represented in namespaced metadata instead of a top-level field.
+//! Compatibility decoding for server messages whose modern wire shapes are
+//! not yet represented correctly by rmcp's untagged result union.
 
 use rmcp::model::DiscoverResult;
+use rmcp::model::InputRequiredResult;
 use rmcp::model::JsonRpcResponse;
 use rmcp::model::ServerJsonRpcMessage;
 use rmcp::model::ServerResult;
@@ -11,38 +12,88 @@ use serde_json::Value;
 // https://github.com/modelcontextprotocol/rust-sdk/issues/1039
 const SERVER_INFO_METADATA_KEY: &str = "io.modelcontextprotocol/serverInfo";
 
-/// Decode at the transport boundary, before rmcp's untagged result union can
-/// mistake a metadata-only discovery response for a completed tool call.
+/// Decode at the transport boundary, before rmcp's untagged `ServerResult`
+/// deserializer can mistake a modern result for a completed tool call.
 pub(crate) fn deserialize_incoming_jsonrpc_message(
     bytes: &[u8],
 ) -> serde_json::Result<ServerJsonRpcMessage> {
     let mut message: Value = serde_json::from_slice(bytes)?;
-    let Some(result) = message.get_mut("result").and_then(Value::as_object_mut) else {
+    let changed_discovery = normalize_discovery_server_info(&mut message);
+
+    let Some(result) = message.get("result") else {
         return serde_json::from_value(message);
     };
 
-    if !result.contains_key("supportedVersions") || !result.contains_key("capabilities") {
-        return serde_json::from_value(message);
+    if changed_discovery {
+        let response: JsonRpcResponse<DiscoverResult> = serde_json::from_value(message)?;
+        return Ok(ServerJsonRpcMessage::response(
+            ServerResult::DiscoverResult(response.result),
+            response.id,
+        ));
+    }
+
+    if result.get("resultType").and_then(Value::as_str) == Some("input_required") {
+        let response: JsonRpcResponse<InputRequiredResult> = serde_json::from_value(message)?;
+        return Ok(ServerJsonRpcMessage::response(
+            ServerResult::InputRequiredResult(response.result),
+            response.id,
+        ));
+    }
+
+    serde_json::from_value(message)
+}
+
+/// Normalize an SSE payload before rmcp parses it internally. SSE does not
+/// expose a typed-message hook, so response-level MRTR metadata cannot be
+/// retained until the upstream untagged-result decoder is fixed.
+pub(crate) fn normalize_sse_jsonrpc_message(payload: &str, modern_session: bool) -> Option<String> {
+    if !modern_session {
+        return None;
+    }
+
+    let mut message: Value = serde_json::from_str(payload).ok()?;
+    let changed_discovery = normalize_discovery_server_info(&mut message);
+    let changed_mrtr = if message
+        .pointer("/result/resultType")
+        .and_then(Value::as_str)
+        == Some("input_required")
+    {
+        message
+            .get_mut("result")
+            .and_then(Value::as_object_mut)
+            .is_some_and(|result| result.remove("_meta").is_some())
+    } else {
+        false
+    };
+
+    if changed_discovery || changed_mrtr {
+        serde_json::to_string(&message).ok()
+    } else {
+        None
+    }
+}
+
+fn normalize_discovery_server_info(message: &mut Value) -> bool {
+    let Some(result) = message.get_mut("result").and_then(Value::as_object_mut) else {
+        return false;
+    };
+    if result.contains_key("serverInfo")
+        || !result.contains_key("supportedVersions")
+        || !result.contains_key("capabilities")
+    {
+        return false;
     }
 
     let Some(server_info) = result
         .get("_meta")
         .and_then(Value::as_object)
-        .and_then(|metadata| metadata.get(SERVER_INFO_METADATA_KEY))
+        .and_then(|meta| meta.get(SERVER_INFO_METADATA_KEY))
         .cloned()
     else {
-        return serde_json::from_value(message);
+        return false;
     };
-
-    if !result.contains_key("serverInfo") {
-        result.insert("serverInfo".to_owned(), server_info);
-    }
-
-    let response: JsonRpcResponse<DiscoverResult> = serde_json::from_value(message)?;
-    Ok(ServerJsonRpcMessage::response(
-        ServerResult::DiscoverResult(response.result),
-        response.id,
-    ))
+    result.insert("serverInfo".to_owned(), server_info);
+    true
 }
 
 #[cfg(test)]
diff --git a/codex-rs/rmcp-client/src/incoming_jsonrpc_tests.rs b/codex-rs/rmcp-client/src/incoming_jsonrpc_tests.rs
index 04e42ae2ca..1750ccaca9 100644
--- a/codex-rs/rmcp-client/src/incoming_jsonrpc_tests.rs
+++ b/codex-rs/rmcp-client/src/incoming_jsonrpc_tests.rs
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ use rmcp::model::ServerResult;
 use serde_json::json;
 
 use super::deserialize_incoming_jsonrpc_message;
+use super::normalize_sse_jsonrpc_message;
 
 #[test]
 fn discovery_accepts_metadata_namespaced_server_identity() {
@@ -63,3 +64,73 @@ fn extension_result_with_discovery_like_fields_remains_a_custom_result() {
     };
     assert_eq!(custom.0, result);
 }
+
+#[test]
+fn input_required_discriminator_wins_over_tool_result_metadata() {
+    let message = json!({
+        "jsonrpc": "2.0",
+        "id": "tool-call",
+        "result": {
+            "resultType": "input_required",
+            "requestState": "opaque-server-state",
+            "_meta": {"retained": "response-metadata"},
+        },
+    });
+
+    let decoded = deserialize_incoming_jsonrpc_message(&serde_json::to_vec(&message).unwrap())
+        .expect("input-required result must decode");
+    let JsonRpcMessage::Response(response) = decoded else {
+        panic!("expected an input-required response");
+    };
+    let ServerResult::InputRequiredResult(result) = response.result else {
+        panic!("input_required must not become an empty completed tool result");
+    };
+    assert_eq!(result.request_state.as_deref(), Some("opaque-server-state"));
+    assert_eq!(
+        result.meta.and_then(|meta| meta.get("retained").cloned()),
+        Some(json!("response-metadata"))
+    );
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn sse_discovery_promotes_metadata_namespaced_identity() {
+    let message = json!({
+        "jsonrpc": "2.0",
+        "id": 1,
+        "result": {
+            "resultType": "complete",
+            "supportedVersions": ["2026-07-28"],
+            "capabilities": {},
+            "ttlMs": 0,
+            "cacheScope": "private",
+            "_meta": {
+                "io.modelcontextprotocol/serverInfo": {
+                    "name": "sse-server",
+                    "version": "1.0.0",
+                },
+            },
+        },
+    });
+    let normalized =
+        normalize_sse_jsonrpc_message(&message.to_string(), /*modern_session*/ true)
+            .expect("metadata-only SSE discovery must be normalized");
+    let normalized: serde_json::Value = serde_json::from_str(&normalized).unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(normalized["result"]["serverInfo"]["name"], "sse-server");
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn legacy_sse_payload_preserves_intermediate_response_metadata() {
+    let message = json!({
+        "jsonrpc": "2.0",
+        "id": "legacy-extension",
+        "result": {
+            "resultType": "input_required",
+            "_meta": {"preserved": "legacy-extension-metadata"},
+        },
+    });
+
+    assert_eq!(
+        normalize_sse_jsonrpc_message(&message.to_string(), /*modern_session*/ false),
+        None
+    );
+}
diff --git a/codex-rs/rmcp-client/src/rmcp_client.rs b/codex-rs/rmcp-client/src/rmcp_client.rs
index bf13566ea2..a1e14845f2 100644
--- a/codex-rs/rmcp-client/src/rmcp_client.rs
+++ b/codex-rs/rmcp-client/src/rmcp_client.rs
@@ -38,6 +38,7 @@ use rmcp::model::ListResourceTemplatesResult;
 use rmcp::model::ListResourcesResult;
 use rmcp::model::ListToolsResult;
 use rmcp::model::PaginatedRequestParams;
+use rmcp::model::ProtocolVersion;
 use rmcp::model::ReadResourceRequestParams;
 use rmcp::model::ReadResourceResult;
 use rmcp::model::RequestId;
@@ -294,7 +295,7 @@ impl From<ElicitResult> for ElicitationResponse {
         Self {
             action: value.action,
             content: value.content,
-            meta: None,
+            meta: value.meta.map(|meta| Value::Object(meta.0)),
         }
     }
 }
@@ -303,6 +304,10 @@ impl From<ElicitationResponse> for ElicitResult {
     fn from(value: ElicitationResponse) -> Self {
         let mut result = Self::new(value.action);
         result.content = value.content;
+        result.meta = value.meta.and_then(|meta| match meta {
+            Value::Object(meta) => Some(rmcp::model::MetaObject::from(meta)),
+            _ => None,
+        });
         result
     }
 }
@@ -670,10 +675,22 @@ impl RmcpClient {
         timeout: Option<Duration>,
     ) -> Result<ReadResourceResult> {
         self.refresh_oauth_if_needed().await?;
+        let requested_modern = self.protocol_mode == McpProtocolMode::V20260728;
         let result = self
             .run_service_operation("resources/read", timeout, move |service| {
                 let params = params.clone();
-                async move { service.peer().read_resource(params).await }.boxed()
+                async move {
+                    let modern_session = requested_modern
+                        && service.peer().peer_info().is_some_and(|info| {
+                            info.protocol_version == ProtocolVersion::V_2026_07_28
+                        });
+                    if modern_session {
+                        service.read_resource(params).await
+                    } else {
+                        service.peer().read_resource(params).await
+                    }
+                }
+                .boxed()
             })
             .await?;
         self.persist_oauth_tokens().await;
@@ -708,11 +725,20 @@ impl RmcpClient {
         };
         let mut rmcp_params = CallToolRequestParams::new(name);
         rmcp_params.arguments = arguments;
+        let requested_modern = self.protocol_mode == McpProtocolMode::V20260728;
         let result = self
             .run_service_operation("tools/call", timeout, move |service| {
-                let rmcp_params = rmcp_params.clone();
+                let mut rmcp_params = rmcp_params.clone();
                 let meta = meta.clone();
                 async move {
+                    let modern_session = requested_modern
+                        && service.peer().peer_info().is_some_and(|info| {
+                            info.protocol_version == ProtocolVersion::V_2026_07_28
+                        });
+                    if modern_session {
+                        rmcp_params.meta = meta;
+                        return service.call_tool(rmcp_params).await;
+                    }
                     let mut options = rmcp::service::PeerRequestOptions::no_options();
                     options.meta = meta;
                     let result = service
@@ -1281,6 +1307,10 @@ impl RmcpClient {
                 initialize_context.timeout,
             )
             .await?;
+        service
+            .peer()
+            .peer_info()
+            .ok_or_else(|| anyhow!("recovered handshake succeeded but server info was missing"))?;
 
         {
             let mut guard = self.state.lock().await;
diff --git a/codex-rs/rmcp-client/tests/mcp_2026_discovery.rs b/codex-rs/rmcp-client/tests/mcp_2026_discovery.rs
index de6e63fdfe..ccf9f2c8bd 100644
--- a/codex-rs/rmcp-client/tests/mcp_2026_discovery.rs
+++ b/codex-rs/rmcp-client/tests/mcp_2026_discovery.rs
@@ -304,6 +304,63 @@ async fn modern_discovery_accepts_metadata_namespaced_server_identity() -> anyho
     Ok(())
 }
 
+#[tokio::test]
+async fn modern_discovery_accepts_native_sse_responses() -> anyhow::Result<()> {
+    let server = MockServer::start().await;
+    Mock::given(method("POST"))
+        .and(path("/mcp"))
+        .respond_with(|request: &Request| {
+            let body: Value = request.body_json().expect("valid JSON-RPC request");
+            assert_eq!(body["method"], "server/discover");
+            let response = modern_discover_result(&body);
+            ResponseTemplate::new(200).set_body_raw(
+                format!(": keepalive\n\nevent: message\ndata: {response}\n\n"),
+                "text/event-stream; charset=utf-8",
+            )
+        })
+        .expect(1)
+        .mount(&server)
+        .await;
+
+    let client = create_client(&server, McpProtocolMode::V20260728).await?;
+    initialize_client(&client).await?;
+    client.shutdown().await;
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+#[tokio::test]
+async fn modern_discovery_accepts_metadata_namespaced_server_identity_over_sse()
+-> anyhow::Result<()> {
+    let server = MockServer::start().await;
+    Mock::given(method("POST"))
+        .and(path("/mcp"))
+        .respond_with(|request: &Request| {
+            let body: Value = request.body_json().expect("valid JSON-RPC request");
+            assert_eq!(body["method"], "server/discover");
+            let mut response = modern_discover_result(&body);
+            let server_info = response["result"]
+                .as_object_mut()
+                .expect("discovery object")
+                .remove("serverInfo")
+                .expect("top-level identity");
+            response["result"]["_meta"] = json!({
+                "io.modelcontextprotocol/serverInfo": server_info,
+            });
+            ResponseTemplate::new(200).set_body_raw(
+                format!("event: message\ndata: {response}\n\n"),
+                "text/event-stream; charset=utf-8",
+            )
+        })
+        .expect(1)
+        .mount(&server)
+        .await;
+
+    let client = create_client(&server, McpProtocolMode::V20260728).await?;
+    initialize_client(&client).await?;
+    client.shutdown().await;
+    Ok(())
+}
+
 #[tokio::test]
 async fn modern_http_rejects_oversized_discovery_and_tool_json_responses() -> anyhow::Result<()> {
     for oversized_method in ["server/discover", "tools/list", "tools/list:error"] {
diff --git a/codex-rs/rmcp-client/tests/mcp_2026_message_limits.rs b/codex-rs/rmcp-client/tests/mcp_2026_message_limits.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..785aa4e195
--- /dev/null
+++ b/codex-rs/rmcp-client/tests/mcp_2026_message_limits.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,292 @@
+use std::collections::HashMap;
+use std::ffi::OsString;
+use std::sync::Arc;
+use std::time::Duration;
+
+use codex_config::types::AuthKeyringBackendKind;
+use codex_config::types::OAuthCredentialsStoreMode;
+use codex_exec_server::Environment;
+use codex_rmcp_client::ElicitationAction;
+use codex_rmcp_client::ElicitationResponse;
+use codex_rmcp_client::ExecutorStdioServerLauncher;
+use codex_rmcp_client::LocalStdioServerLauncher;
+use codex_rmcp_client::McpProtocolMode;
+use codex_rmcp_client::RmcpClient;
+use codex_rmcp_client::StdioServerLauncher;
+use futures::FutureExt;
+use rmcp::model::ClientCapabilities;
+use rmcp::model::Implementation;
+use rmcp::model::InitializeRequestParams;
+use rmcp::model::ProtocolVersion;
+use serde_json::Value;
+use serde_json::json;
+use wiremock::Mock;
+use wiremock::MockServer;
+use wiremock::Request;
+use wiremock::ResponseTemplate;
+use wiremock::matchers::method;
+use wiremock::matchers::path;
+
+const MAX_MCP_MESSAGE_BYTES: usize = 8 * 1024 * 1024;
+
+#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, Eq, PartialEq)]
+enum OversizedHttpResponse {
+    DiscoveryJson,
+    ToolJson,
+    ToolError,
+    ToolSseEvent,
+}
+
+fn initialize_params() -> InitializeRequestParams {
+    InitializeRequestParams::new(
+        ClientCapabilities::default(),
+        Implementation::new("codex-message-limit-test", "0.0.0-test"),
+    )
+    .with_protocol_version(ProtocolVersion::V_2025_06_18)
+}
+
+async fn initialize(client: &RmcpClient) -> anyhow::Result<()> {
+    client
+        .initialize(
+            initialize_params(),
+            Some(Duration::from_secs(15)),
+            Box::new(|_, _| {
+                async {
+                    Ok(ElicitationResponse {
+                        action: ElicitationAction::Accept,
+                        content: Some(json!({})),
+                        meta: None,
+                    })
+                }
+                .boxed()
+            }),
+        )
+        .await?;
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+fn discovery_response(request: &Value, padding: Option<&str>) -> Value {
+    json!({
+        "jsonrpc": "2.0",
+        "id": request["id"],
+        "result": {
+            "resultType": "complete",
+            "supportedVersions": ["2026-07-28"],
+            "capabilities": {"tools": {}},
+            "instructions": padding.unwrap_or_default(),
+            "_meta": {
+                "io.modelcontextprotocol/serverInfo": {
+                    "name": "message-limit-test",
+                    "version": "1.0.0",
+                },
+            },
+            "ttlMs": 0,
+            "cacheScope": "private",
+        },
+    })
+}
+
+fn tools_response(request: &Value, padding: &str) -> Value {
+    json!({
+        "jsonrpc": "2.0",
+        "id": request["id"],
+        "result": {
+            "resultType": "complete",
+            "tools": [{
+                "name": "oversized_tool",
+                "description": padding,
+                "inputSchema": {"type": "object"},
+            }],
+        },
+    })
+}
+
+async fn http_client(server: &MockServer, mode: McpProtocolMode) -> anyhow::Result<RmcpClient> {
+    RmcpClient::new_streamable_http_client_with_protocol_mode(
+        "message-limits",
+        &format!("{}/mcp", server.uri()),
+        /*bearer_token*/ None,
+        /*http_headers*/ None,
+        /*env_http_headers*/ None,
+        OAuthCredentialsStoreMode::File,
+        AuthKeyringBackendKind::default(),
+        Environment::default_for_tests().get_http_client(),
+        /*auth_provider*/ None,
+        mode,
+    )
+    .await
+}
+
+#[tokio::test]
+async fn modern_http_rejects_oversized_json_error_and_sse_bodies() -> anyhow::Result<()> {
+    for oversized in [
+        OversizedHttpResponse::DiscoveryJson,
+        OversizedHttpResponse::ToolJson,
+        OversizedHttpResponse::ToolError,
+        OversizedHttpResponse::ToolSseEvent,
+    ] {
+        let server = MockServer::start().await;
+        let padding = Arc::new("x".repeat(MAX_MCP_MESSAGE_BYTES + 1));
+        Mock::given(method("POST"))
+            .and(path("/mcp"))
+            .respond_with(move |request: &Request| {
+                let body: Value = request.body_json().expect("JSON-RPC request");
+                match body["method"].as_str() {
+                    Some("server/discover") => {
+                        ResponseTemplate::new(200).set_body_json(discovery_response(
+                            &body,
+                            (oversized == OversizedHttpResponse::DiscoveryJson)
+                                .then_some(padding.as_str()),
+                        ))
+                    }
+                    Some("tools/list") if oversized == OversizedHttpResponse::ToolError => {
+                        ResponseTemplate::new(500).set_body_json(json!({
+                            "jsonrpc": "2.0",
+                            "id": body["id"],
+                            "error": {"code": -32603, "message": padding.as_str()},
+                        }))
+                    }
+                    Some("tools/list") if oversized == OversizedHttpResponse::ToolSseEvent => {
+                        ResponseTemplate::new(200).set_body_raw(
+                            format!(
+                                "event: message\ndata: {}\n\n",
+                                tools_response(&body, &padding),
+                            ),
+                            "text/event-stream; charset=utf-8",
+                        )
+                    }
+                    Some("tools/list") => {
+                        ResponseTemplate::new(200).set_body_json(tools_response(&body, &padding))
+                    }
+                    other => panic!("unexpected MCP method {other:?}"),
+                }
+            })
+            .mount(&server)
+            .await;
+
+        let client = http_client(&server, McpProtocolMode::V20260728).await?;
+        if oversized == OversizedHttpResponse::DiscoveryJson {
+            let error = initialize(&client)
+                .await
+                .expect_err("oversized discovery must be rejected");
+            assert!(format!("{error:#}").contains("8388608 bytes"));
+        } else {
+            initialize(&client).await?;
+            let error = client
+                .list_tools(/*params*/ None, Some(Duration::from_secs(5)))
+                .await
+                .expect_err("oversized tools response must be rejected");
+            let error = format!("{error:#}");
+            assert!(
+                error.contains("8388608 bytes")
+                    || (oversized == OversizedHttpResponse::ToolSseEvent
+                        && (error.contains("timed out") || error.contains("Transport closed"))),
+                "unexpected {oversized:?} error: {error}"
+            );
+        }
+        client.shutdown().await;
+    }
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+#[tokio::test]
+async fn legacy_http_keeps_existing_large_json_response_behavior() -> anyhow::Result<()> {
+    let server = MockServer::start().await;
+    let padding = Arc::new("x".repeat(MAX_MCP_MESSAGE_BYTES + 1));
+    Mock::given(method("POST"))
+        .and(path("/mcp"))
+        .respond_with(move |request: &Request| {
+            let body: Value = request.body_json().expect("JSON-RPC request");
+            match body["method"].as_str() {
+                Some("initialize") => ResponseTemplate::new(200).set_body_json(json!({
+                    "jsonrpc": "2.0",
+                    "id": body["id"],
+                    "result": {
+                        "protocolVersion": "2025-06-18",
+                        "capabilities": {"tools": {}},
+                        "serverInfo": {"name": "legacy-large-response", "version": "1.0.0"},
+                    },
+                })),
+                Some("notifications/initialized") => ResponseTemplate::new(202),
+                Some("tools/list") => {
+                    ResponseTemplate::new(200).set_body_json(tools_response(&body, &padding))
+                }
+                other => panic!("unexpected legacy MCP method {other:?}"),
+            }
+        })
+        .mount(&server)
+        .await;
+
+    let client = http_client(&server, McpProtocolMode::Legacy).await?;
+    initialize(&client).await?;
+    let tools = client
+        .list_tools(/*params*/ None, Some(Duration::from_secs(15)))
+        .await?;
+    assert_eq!(
+        tools.tools[0].description.as_deref().map(str::len),
+        Some(MAX_MCP_MESSAGE_BYTES + 1)
+    );
+    client.shutdown().await;
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+#[tokio::test(flavor = "multi_thread", worker_threads = 2)]
+async fn modern_local_and_executor_stdio_reject_oversized_lines() -> anyhow::Result<()> {
+    let server = codex_utils_cargo_bin::cargo_bin("test_mcp_2026_stdio_server")?;
+
+    for (modern, executor) in [(false, false), (false, true), (true, false), (true, true)] {
+        let mode = if modern {
+            McpProtocolMode::V20260728
+        } else {
+            McpProtocolMode::Legacy
+        };
+        let env = modern.then(|| {
+            HashMap::from([(
+                OsString::from("CODEX_MCP_PROTOCOL_VERSION"),
+                OsString::from("2026-07-28"),
+            )])
+        });
+        let launcher: Arc<dyn StdioServerLauncher> = if executor {
+            Arc::new(ExecutorStdioServerLauncher::new(
+                Environment::default_for_tests().get_exec_backend(),
+            ))
+        } else {
+            Arc::new(LocalStdioServerLauncher::new(std::env::current_dir()?))
+        };
+        let fixture_mode = if modern {
+            "oversized-stdout"
+        } else {
+            "oversized-stdout-legacy"
+        };
+
+        let client = RmcpClient::new_stdio_client_with_protocol_mode(
+            server.clone().into(),
+            vec![OsString::from(fixture_mode)],
+            env,
+            &[],
+            Some(std::env::current_dir()?.to_string_lossy().into_owned()),
+            launcher,
+            mode,
+        )
+        .await?;
+        initialize(&client).await?;
+        let result = client
+            .list_tools(/*params*/ None, Some(Duration::from_secs(10)))
+            .await;
+        if !modern && !executor {
+            let tools = result?;
+            assert_eq!(
+                tools.tools[0].description.as_deref().map(str::len),
+                Some(MAX_MCP_MESSAGE_BYTES + 1),
+                "legacy local stdio must preserve the existing unbounded native codec"
+            );
+        } else {
+            assert!(
+                result.is_err(),
+                "oversized stdio line must be rejected (modern={modern}, executor={executor})"
+            );
+        }
+        client.shutdown().await;
+    }
+    Ok(())
+}
diff --git a/codex-rs/rmcp-client/tests/mcp_2026_mrtr.rs b/codex-rs/rmcp-client/tests/mcp_2026_mrtr.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..22f55cd34e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/codex-rs/rmcp-client/tests/mcp_2026_mrtr.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,683 @@
+use std::sync::Arc;
+use std::sync::Mutex;
+use std::time::Duration;
+
+use codex_config::types::AuthKeyringBackendKind;
+use codex_config::types::OAuthCredentialsStoreMode;
+use codex_exec_server::Environment;
+use codex_rmcp_client::Elicitation;
+use codex_rmcp_client::ElicitationAction;
+use codex_rmcp_client::ElicitationResponse;
+use codex_rmcp_client::McpProtocolMode;
+use codex_rmcp_client::RmcpClient;
+use futures::FutureExt;
+use pretty_assertions::assert_eq;
+use rmcp::model::ClientCapabilities;
+use rmcp::model::ElicitRequestParams;
+use rmcp::model::ElicitationCapability;
+use rmcp::model::FormElicitationCapability;
+use rmcp::model::Implementation;
+use rmcp::model::InitializeRequestParams;
+use rmcp::model::ProtocolVersion;
+use rmcp::model::ReadResourceRequestParams;
+use rmcp::model::UrlElicitationCapability;
+use serde_json::Value;
+use serde_json::json;
+use wiremock::Mock;
+use wiremock::MockServer;
+use wiremock::Request;
+use wiremock::ResponseTemplate;
+use wiremock::matchers::method;
+use wiremock::matchers::path;
+
+const MODERN_VERSION: &str = "2026-07-28";
+const OPAQUE_STATE: &str = " opaque/\u{2603}/=?base64?literal?=\n";
+
+fn discover_response(body: &Value) -> ResponseTemplate {
+    ResponseTemplate::new(200).set_body_json(json!({
+        "jsonrpc": "2.0",
+        "id": body["id"],
+        "result": {
+            "resultType": "complete",
+            "supportedVersions": [MODERN_VERSION],
+            "capabilities": {"tools": {}, "resources": {}},
+            "serverInfo": {"name": "mrtr-test", "version": "1.0.0"},
+            "ttlMs": 0,
+            "cacheScope": "private",
+        },
+    }))
+}
+
+fn result_response(body: &Value, result: Value) -> ResponseTemplate {
+    ResponseTemplate::new(200).set_body_json(json!({
+        "jsonrpc": "2.0",
+        "id": body["id"],
+        "result": result,
+    }))
+}
+
+fn sse_result_response(body: &Value, result: Value) -> ResponseTemplate {
+    let message = json!({
+        "jsonrpc": "2.0",
+        "id": body["id"],
+        "result": result,
+    });
+    ResponseTemplate::new(200).set_body_raw(
+        format!("event: message\ndata: {message}\n\n"),
+        "text/event-stream; charset=utf-8",
+    )
+}
+
+fn elicitation_request(mode: &str) -> Value {
+    let params = match mode {
+        "form" => json!({
+            "mode": "form",
+            "message": "Confirm the MCP request.",
+            "requestedSchema": {
+                "type": "object",
+                "properties": {"confirmed": {"type": "boolean"}},
+                "required": ["confirmed"],
+            },
+            "_meta": {"inputContext": "server-context"},
+        }),
+        "url" => json!({
+            "mode": "url",
+            "message": "Approve the MCP request.",
+            "url": "https://example.test/approve",
+            "elicitationId": "approval-123",
+            "_meta": {"inputContext": "server-context"},
+        }),
+        other => panic!("unexpected elicitation mode: {other}"),
+    };
+    json!({"method": "elicitation/create", "params": params})
+}
+
+async fn create_client(
+    server: &MockServer,
+    elicitation_modes: Arc<Mutex<Vec<String>>>,
+) -> anyhow::Result<RmcpClient> {
+    let client = RmcpClient::new_streamable_http_client_with_protocol_mode(
+        "mrtr-test",
+        &format!("{}/mcp", server.uri()),
+        /*bearer_token*/ None,
+        /*http_headers*/ None,
+        /*env_http_headers*/ None,
+        OAuthCredentialsStoreMode::File,
+        AuthKeyringBackendKind::default(),
+        Environment::default_for_tests().get_http_client(),
+        /*auth_provider*/ None,
+        McpProtocolMode::V20260728,
+    )
+    .await?;
+
+    let mut capabilities = ClientCapabilities::default();
+    capabilities.elicitation = Some(
+        ElicitationCapability::new()
+            .with_form(FormElicitationCapability::new())
+            .with_url(UrlElicitationCapability::new()),
+    );
+    client
+        .initialize(
+            InitializeRequestParams::new(
+                capabilities,
+                Implementation::new("codex-mrtr-test", "0.0.0"),
+            )
+            .with_protocol_version(ProtocolVersion::V_2025_06_18),
+            Some(Duration::from_secs(5)),
+            Box::new(move |request_id, request| {
+                let elicitation_modes = Arc::clone(&elicitation_modes);
+                async move {
+                    assert_eq!(request_id.to_string(), "confirmation");
+                    let Elicitation::Mcp(request) = request else {
+                        anyhow::bail!("MRTR input must be a standard MCP elicitation");
+                    };
+                    let mode = match request {
+                        ElicitRequestParams::FormElicitationParams { meta, .. } => {
+                            assert_eq!(
+                                meta.and_then(|meta| meta.get("inputContext").cloned()),
+                                Some(json!("server-context"))
+                            );
+                            "form"
+                        }
+                        ElicitRequestParams::UrlElicitationParams { meta, .. } => {
+                            assert_eq!(
+                                meta.and_then(|meta| meta.get("inputContext").cloned()),
+                                Some(json!("server-context"))
+                            );
+                            "url"
+                        }
+                        _ => anyhow::bail!("unsupported elicitation mode"),
+                    };
+                    elicitation_modes
+                        .lock()
+                        .map_err(|_| anyhow::anyhow!("elicitation lock was poisoned"))?
+                        .push(mode.to_owned());
+                    Ok(ElicitationResponse {
+                        action: ElicitationAction::Accept,
+                        content: Some(json!({"confirmed": true})),
+                        meta: Some(json!({"clientContext": "preserved"})),
+                    })
+                }
+                .boxed()
+            }),
+        )
+        .await?;
+    Ok(client)
+}
+
+#[tokio::test]
+async fn modern_tool_mrtr_drives_form_and_url_elicitation_and_preserves_metadata()
+-> anyhow::Result<()> {
+    for mode in ["form", "url"] {
+        let server = MockServer::start().await;
+        let calls = Arc::new(Mutex::new(Vec::<Value>::new()));
+        let recorded = Arc::clone(&calls);
+
+        Mock::given(method("POST"))
+            .and(path("/mcp"))
+            .respond_with(move |request: &Request| {
+                let body: Value = request.body_json().expect("valid JSON-RPC request");
+                match body["method"].as_str() {
+                    Some("server/discover") => discover_response(&body),
+                    Some("tools/call") => {
+                        recorded.lock().expect("requests lock").push(body.clone());
+                        assert_eq!(
+                            body.pointer("/params/_meta/requestContext"),
+                            Some(&json!("caller-context"))
+                        );
+                        assert_eq!(
+                            body.pointer("/params/_meta/io.modelcontextprotocol~1protocolVersion"),
+                            Some(&json!(MODERN_VERSION))
+                        );
+                        if body.pointer("/params/inputResponses").is_none() {
+                            result_response(
+                                &body,
+                                json!({
+                                    "resultType": "input_required",
+                                    "inputRequests": {
+                                        "confirmation": elicitation_request(mode),
+                                    },
+                                    "requestState": OPAQUE_STATE,
+                                    "_meta": {
+                                        "io.modelcontextprotocol/serverInfo": {
+                                            "name": "mrtr-test",
+                                            "version": "1.0.0",
+                                        },
+                                        "responseContext": "preserved",
+                                    },
+                                }),
+                            )
+                        } else {
+                            assert_eq!(
+                                body.pointer("/params/requestState"),
+                                Some(&json!(OPAQUE_STATE))
+                            );
+                            assert_eq!(
+                                body.pointer("/params/inputResponses/confirmation"),
+                                Some(&json!({
+                                    "action": "accept",
+                                    "content": {"confirmed": true},
+                                    "_meta": {"clientContext": "preserved"},
+                                }))
+                            );
+                            result_response(
+                                &body,
+                                json!({
+                                    "resultType": "complete",
+                                    "content": [{"type": "text", "text": "MRTR completed"}],
+                                }),
+                            )
+                        }
+                    }
+                    other => panic!("unexpected MRTR request: {other:?}"),
+                }
+            })
+            .expect(3)
+            .mount(&server)
+            .await;
+
+        let elicitation_modes = Arc::new(Mutex::new(Vec::new()));
+        let client = create_client(&server, Arc::clone(&elicitation_modes)).await?;
+        let result = client
+            .call_tool(
+                "confirm".into(),
+                Some(json!({"mode": mode})),
+                Some(json!({"requestContext": "caller-context"})),
+                Some(Duration::from_secs(5)),
+            )
+            .await?;
+        assert_eq!(
+            result.content[0].as_text().map(|text| text.text.as_str()),
+            Some("MRTR completed")
+        );
+        assert_eq!(
+            *elicitation_modes.lock().expect("elicitation lock"),
+            vec![mode]
+        );
+
+        {
+            let calls = calls.lock().expect("requests lock");
+            assert_eq!(calls.len(), 2);
+            assert_ne!(calls[0]["id"], calls[1]["id"]);
+        }
+        client.shutdown().await;
+    }
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+#[tokio::test]
+async fn modern_tool_mrtr_uses_recovered_protocol_after_legacy_session_expiry() -> anyhow::Result<()>
+{
+    let server = MockServer::start().await;
+    let calls = Arc::new(Mutex::new(Vec::<Value>::new()));
+    let sessions = Arc::new(Mutex::new(Vec::<String>::new()));
+    let recorded_calls = Arc::clone(&calls);
+    let recorded_sessions = Arc::clone(&sessions);
+
+    Mock::given(method("GET"))
+        .and(path("/mcp"))
+        .respond_with(ResponseTemplate::new(405))
+        .mount(&server)
+        .await;
+
+    Mock::given(method("POST"))
+        .and(path("/mcp"))
+        .respond_with(move |request: &Request| {
+            let body: Value = request.body_json().expect("valid JSON-RPC request");
+            match body["method"].as_str() {
+                Some("server/discover") => {
+                    let mut sessions = recorded_sessions.lock().expect("sessions lock");
+                    if sessions.is_empty() {
+                        ResponseTemplate::new(200).set_body_json(json!({
+                            "jsonrpc": "2.0",
+                            "id": body["id"],
+                            "error": {"code": -32601, "message": "method not found"},
+                        }))
+                    } else {
+                        sessions.push("modern-session".to_owned());
+                        discover_response(&body).insert_header("mcp-session-id", "modern-session")
+                    }
+                }
+                Some("initialize") => {
+                    assert_eq!(
+                        body.pointer("/params/protocolVersion"),
+                        Some(&json!(ProtocolVersion::V_2025_06_18.as_str()))
+                    );
+                    recorded_sessions
+                        .lock()
+                        .expect("sessions lock")
+                        .push("legacy-session".to_owned());
+                    ResponseTemplate::new(200)
+                        .set_body_json(json!({
+                            "jsonrpc": "2.0",
+                            "id": body["id"],
+                            "result": {
+                                "protocolVersion": ProtocolVersion::V_2025_06_18.as_str(),
+                                "capabilities": {"tools": {}},
+                                "serverInfo": {"name": "mrtr-test", "version": "1.0.0"},
+                            },
+                        }))
+                        .insert_header("mcp-session-id", "legacy-session")
+                }
+                Some("notifications/initialized") => ResponseTemplate::new(202),
+                Some("tools/call") => {
+                    assert_eq!(
+                        body.pointer("/params/_meta/requestContext"),
+                        Some(&json!("caller-context"))
+                    );
+                    let attempt = {
+                        let mut calls = recorded_calls.lock().expect("requests lock");
+                        calls.push(body.clone());
+                        calls.len()
+                    };
+
+                    match attempt {
+                        1 => {
+                            assert_eq!(
+                                body.pointer(
+                                    "/params/_meta/io.modelcontextprotocol~1protocolVersion"
+                                ),
+                                None
+                            );
+                            ResponseTemplate::new(404)
+                        }
+                        2 => {
+                            assert_eq!(
+                                body.pointer(
+                                    "/params/_meta/io.modelcontextprotocol~1protocolVersion"
+                                ),
+                                Some(&json!(MODERN_VERSION))
+                            );
+                            result_response(
+                                &body,
+                                json!({
+                                    "resultType": "input_required",
+                                    "inputRequests": {
+                                        "confirmation": elicitation_request("form"),
+                                    },
+                                    "requestState": OPAQUE_STATE,
+                                }),
+                            )
+                        }
+                        3 => {
+                            assert_eq!(
+                                body.pointer(
+                                    "/params/_meta/io.modelcontextprotocol~1protocolVersion"
+                                ),
+                                Some(&json!(MODERN_VERSION))
+                            );
+                            assert_eq!(
+                                body.pointer("/params/requestState"),
+                                Some(&json!(OPAQUE_STATE))
+                            );
+                            assert_eq!(
+                                body.pointer("/params/inputResponses/confirmation"),
+                                Some(&json!({
+                                    "action": "accept",
+                                    "content": {"confirmed": true},
+                                    "_meta": {"clientContext": "preserved"},
+                                }))
+                            );
+                            result_response(
+                                &body,
+                                json!({
+                                    "resultType": "complete",
+                                    "content": [{"type": "text", "text": "recovered MRTR completed"}],
+                                }),
+                            )
+                        }
+                        other => panic!("unexpected recovered MRTR attempt: {other}"),
+                    }
+                }
+                other => panic!("unexpected recovered MRTR request: {other:?}"),
+            }
+        })
+        .mount(&server)
+        .await;
+
+    let elicitation_modes = Arc::new(Mutex::new(Vec::new()));
+    let client = create_client(&server, Arc::clone(&elicitation_modes)).await?;
+    let result = client
+        .call_tool(
+            "confirm".into(),
+            Some(json!({})),
+            Some(json!({"requestContext": "caller-context"})),
+            Some(Duration::from_secs(5)),
+        )
+        .await?;
+
+    assert_eq!(
+        result.content[0].as_text().map(|text| text.text.as_str()),
+        Some("recovered MRTR completed")
+    );
+    assert_eq!(
+        *sessions.lock().expect("sessions lock"),
+        vec!["legacy-session", "modern-session"]
+    );
+    assert_eq!(calls.lock().expect("requests lock").len(), 3);
+    assert_eq!(
+        *elicitation_modes.lock().expect("elicitation lock"),
+        vec!["form"]
+    );
+    client.shutdown().await;
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+#[tokio::test]
+async fn modern_resource_mrtr_retries_with_opaque_request_state() -> anyhow::Result<()> {
+    let server = MockServer::start().await;
+    let calls = Arc::new(Mutex::new(Vec::<Value>::new()));
+    let recorded = Arc::clone(&calls);
+
+    Mock::given(method("POST"))
+        .and(path("/mcp"))
+        .respond_with(move |request: &Request| {
+            let body: Value = request.body_json().expect("valid JSON-RPC request");
+            match body["method"].as_str() {
+                Some("server/discover") => discover_response(&body),
+                Some("resources/read") => {
+                    recorded.lock().expect("requests lock").push(body.clone());
+                    if body.pointer("/params/inputResponses").is_none() {
+                        result_response(
+                            &body,
+                            json!({
+                                "resultType": "input_required",
+                                "inputRequests": {
+                                    "confirmation": elicitation_request("form"),
+                                },
+                                "requestState": OPAQUE_STATE,
+                                "_meta": {
+                                    "io.modelcontextprotocol/serverInfo": {
+                                        "name": "mrtr-test",
+                                        "version": "1.0.0",
+                                    },
+                                    "responseContext": "preserved",
+                                },
+                            }),
+                        )
+                    } else {
+                        assert_eq!(
+                            body.pointer("/params/requestState"),
+                            Some(&json!(OPAQUE_STATE))
+                        );
+                        assert_eq!(
+                            body.pointer("/params/inputResponses/confirmation/_meta/clientContext"),
+                            Some(&json!("preserved"))
+                        );
+                        result_response(
+                            &body,
+                            json!({
+                                "resultType": "complete",
+                                "contents": [{
+                                    "uri": "memo://requires-confirmation",
+                                    "mimeType": "text/plain",
+                                    "text": "approved resource",
+                                }],
+                            }),
+                        )
+                    }
+                }
+                other => panic!("unexpected resource MRTR request: {other:?}"),
+            }
+        })
+        .expect(3)
+        .mount(&server)
+        .await;
+
+    let elicitation_modes = Arc::new(Mutex::new(Vec::new()));
+    let client = create_client(&server, Arc::clone(&elicitation_modes)).await?;
+    let result = client
+        .read_resource(
+            ReadResourceRequestParams::new("memo://requires-confirmation"),
+            Some(Duration::from_secs(5)),
+        )
+        .await?;
+    assert_eq!(result.contents.len(), 1);
+    assert_eq!(
+        *elicitation_modes.lock().expect("elicitation lock"),
+        vec!["form"]
+    );
+
+    {
+        let calls = calls.lock().expect("requests lock");
+        assert_eq!(calls.len(), 2);
+        assert_ne!(calls[0]["id"], calls[1]["id"]);
+    }
+    client.shutdown().await;
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+#[tokio::test]
+async fn modern_tool_mrtr_accepts_sse_discovery_and_metadata_bearing_rounds() -> anyhow::Result<()>
+{
+    let server = MockServer::start().await;
+    let calls = Arc::new(Mutex::new(Vec::<Value>::new()));
+    let recorded = Arc::clone(&calls);
+
+    Mock::given(method("POST"))
+        .and(path("/mcp"))
+        .respond_with(move |request: &Request| {
+            let body: Value = request.body_json().expect("valid JSON-RPC request");
+            match body["method"].as_str() {
+                Some("server/discover") => sse_result_response(
+                    &body,
+                    json!({
+                        "resultType": "complete",
+                        "supportedVersions": [MODERN_VERSION],
+                        "capabilities": {"tools": {}},
+                        "_meta": {
+                            "io.modelcontextprotocol/serverInfo": {
+                                "name": "sse-mrtr-test",
+                                "version": "1.0.0",
+                            },
+                        },
+                        "ttlMs": 0,
+                        "cacheScope": "private",
+                    }),
+                ),
+                Some("tools/call") => {
+                    recorded.lock().expect("requests lock").push(body.clone());
+                    if body.pointer("/params/inputResponses").is_none() {
+                        sse_result_response(
+                            &body,
+                            json!({
+                                "resultType": "input_required",
+                                "inputRequests": {
+                                    "confirmation": elicitation_request("form"),
+                                },
+                                "requestState": OPAQUE_STATE,
+                                "_meta": {"responseContext": "sse-round"},
+                            }),
+                        )
+                    } else {
+                        assert_eq!(
+                            body.pointer("/params/requestState"),
+                            Some(&json!(OPAQUE_STATE))
+                        );
+                        assert_eq!(
+                            body.pointer("/params/inputResponses/confirmation/action"),
+                            Some(&json!("accept"))
+                        );
+                        sse_result_response(
+                            &body,
+                            json!({
+                                "resultType": "complete",
+                                "content": [{"type": "text", "text": "SSE MRTR completed"}],
+                            }),
+                        )
+                    }
+                }
+                other => panic!("unexpected SSE MRTR request: {other:?}"),
+            }
+        })
+        .expect(3)
+        .mount(&server)
+        .await;
+
+    let elicitation_modes = Arc::new(Mutex::new(Vec::new()));
+    let client = create_client(&server, Arc::clone(&elicitation_modes)).await?;
+    let result = client
+        .call_tool(
+            "confirm".to_owned(),
+            Some(json!({})),
+            /*meta*/ None,
+            Some(Duration::from_secs(5)),
+        )
+        .await?;
+
+    assert_eq!(
+        result.content[0].as_text().map(|text| text.text.as_str()),
+        Some("SSE MRTR completed")
+    );
+    assert_eq!(
+        *elicitation_modes.lock().expect("elicitation lock"),
+        vec!["form"]
+    );
+    assert_eq!(calls.lock().expect("requests lock").len(), 2);
+    client.shutdown().await;
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+#[tokio::test]
+async fn modern_tool_mrtr_preserves_state_only_rounds_without_elicitation() -> anyhow::Result<()> {
+    let server = MockServer::start().await;
+    let states = Arc::new(Mutex::new(Vec::<Option<String>>::new()));
+    let recorded = Arc::clone(&states);
+
+    Mock::given(method("POST"))
+        .and(path("/mcp"))
+        .respond_with(move |request: &Request| {
+            let body: Value = request.body_json().expect("valid JSON-RPC request");
+            match body["method"].as_str() {
+                Some("server/discover") => discover_response(&body),
+                Some("tools/call") => {
+                    let state = body
+                        .pointer("/params/requestState")
+                        .and_then(Value::as_str)
+                        .map(str::to_owned);
+                    recorded.lock().expect("states lock").push(state.clone());
+                    match state.as_deref() {
+                        None => result_response(
+                            &body,
+                            json!({
+                                "resultType": "input_required",
+                                "requestState": "state-1",
+                                "_meta": {"responseContext": "first-round"},
+                            }),
+                        ),
+                        Some("state-1") => result_response(
+                            &body,
+                            json!({
+                                "resultType": "input_required",
+                                "requestState": "state-2",
+                                "_meta": {"responseContext": "second-round"},
+                            }),
+                        ),
+                        Some("state-2") => result_response(
+                            &body,
+                            json!({
+                                "resultType": "complete",
+                                "content": [{"type": "text", "text": "state completed"}],
+                            }),
+                        ),
+                        Some(other) => panic!("unexpected opaque state: {other}"),
+                    }
+                }
+                other => panic!("unexpected state-only MRTR request: {other:?}"),
+            }
+        })
+        .expect(4)
+        .mount(&server)
+        .await;
+
+    let elicitation_modes = Arc::new(Mutex::new(Vec::new()));
+    let client = create_client(&server, Arc::clone(&elicitation_modes)).await?;
+    let result = client
+        .call_tool(
+            "state-only".into(),
+            Some(json!({})),
+            /*meta*/ None,
+            Some(Duration::from_secs(5)),
+        )
+        .await?;
+    assert_eq!(
+        result.content[0].as_text().map(|text| text.text.as_str()),
+        Some("state completed")
+    );
+    assert!(
+        elicitation_modes
+            .lock()
+            .expect("elicitation lock")
+            .is_empty()
+    );
+    assert_eq!(
+        *states.lock().expect("states lock"),
+        vec![
+            None,
+            Some("state-1".to_string()),
+            Some("state-2".to_string())
+        ]
+    );
+    client.shutdown().await;
+    Ok(())
+}
diff --git a/codex-rs/rmcp-client/tests/mcp_2026_stdio.rs b/codex-rs/rmcp-client/tests/mcp_2026_stdio.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..cc75a2c156
--- /dev/null
+++ b/codex-rs/rmcp-client/tests/mcp_2026_stdio.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,225 @@
+use std::collections::HashMap;
+use std::ffi::OsString;
+use std::sync::Arc;
+use std::sync::atomic::AtomicUsize;
+use std::sync::atomic::Ordering;
+use std::time::Duration;
+
+use codex_exec_server::Environment;
+use codex_rmcp_client::Elicitation;
+use codex_rmcp_client::ElicitationAction;
+use codex_rmcp_client::ElicitationResponse;
+use codex_rmcp_client::ExecutorStdioServerLauncher;
+use codex_rmcp_client::LocalStdioServerLauncher;
+use codex_rmcp_client::McpProtocolMode;
+use codex_rmcp_client::RmcpClient;
+use codex_rmcp_client::StdioServerLauncher;
+use futures::FutureExt;
+use pretty_assertions::assert_eq;
+use rmcp::model::ClientCapabilities;
+use rmcp::model::ElicitRequestParams;
+use rmcp::model::ElicitationCapability;
+use rmcp::model::FormElicitationCapability;
+use rmcp::model::Implementation;
+use rmcp::model::InitializeRequestParams;
+use rmcp::model::ProtocolVersion;
+use serde_json::json;
+
+async fn exercise_stdio_server(
+    server_mode: &str,
+    protocol_mode: McpProtocolMode,
+    opt_in: bool,
+    use_executor: bool,
+) -> anyhow::Result<()> {
+    let server = codex_utils_cargo_bin::cargo_bin("test_mcp_2026_stdio_server")?;
+    let launcher: Arc<dyn StdioServerLauncher> = if use_executor {
+        Arc::new(ExecutorStdioServerLauncher::new(
+            Environment::default_for_tests().get_exec_backend(),
+        ))
+    } else {
+        Arc::new(LocalStdioServerLauncher::new(std::env::current_dir()?))
+    };
+    let env = opt_in.then(|| {
+        HashMap::from([(
+            OsString::from("CODEX_MCP_PROTOCOL_VERSION"),
+            OsString::from("2026-07-28"),
+        )])
+    });
+    let client = RmcpClient::new_stdio_client_with_protocol_mode(
+        server.into(),
+        vec![OsString::from(server_mode)],
+        env,
+        &[],
+        /*cwd*/ Some(std::env::current_dir()?.to_string_lossy().into_owned()),
+        launcher,
+        protocol_mode,
+    )
+    .await?;
+
+    let mut capabilities = ClientCapabilities::default();
+    capabilities.elicitation =
+        Some(ElicitationCapability::new().with_form(FormElicitationCapability::new()));
+    let elicitation_count = Arc::new(AtomicUsize::new(0));
+    let observed_elicitations = Arc::clone(&elicitation_count);
+    let legacy_session = server_mode.starts_with("legacy");
+    let initialized = client
+        .initialize(
+            InitializeRequestParams::new(
+                capabilities,
+                Implementation::new("codex-mcp-client", "0.0.0-test"),
+            )
+            .with_protocol_version(ProtocolVersion::V_2025_06_18),
+            Some(Duration::from_secs(5)),
+            Box::new(move |_request_id, request| {
+                let observed_elicitations = Arc::clone(&observed_elicitations);
+                async move {
+                    observed_elicitations.fetch_add(1, Ordering::Relaxed);
+                    let Elicitation::Mcp(ElicitRequestParams::FormElicitationParams {
+                        requested_schema,
+                        ..
+                    }) = request
+                    else {
+                        anyhow::bail!("expected a standard MCP form elicitation");
+                    };
+                    let content = if legacy_session {
+                        assert_eq!(
+                            serde_json::to_value(requested_schema)?,
+                            json!({
+                                "type": "object",
+                                "properties": {
+                                    "name": {"type": "string", "default": "John Doe"},
+                                    "age": {"type": "integer", "default": 30},
+                                    "score": {"type": "number", "default": 95.5},
+                                    "status": {
+                                        "type": "string",
+                                        "enum": ["active", "inactive"],
+                                        "default": "active",
+                                    },
+                                    "verified": {"type": "boolean", "default": true},
+                                },
+                                "required": [],
+                            }),
+                        );
+                        json!({
+                            "name": "John Doe",
+                            "age": 30,
+                            "score": 95.5,
+                            "status": "active",
+                            "verified": true,
+                        })
+                    } else {
+                        json!({"approved": true})
+                    };
+                    Ok(ElicitationResponse {
+                        action: ElicitationAction::Accept,
+                        content: Some(content),
+                        meta: None,
+                    })
+                }
+                .boxed()
+            }),
+        )
+        .await?;
+
+    let expected_version = if legacy_session {
+        ProtocolVersion::V_2025_06_18
+    } else {
+        ProtocolVersion::V_2026_07_28
+    };
+    assert_eq!(initialized.protocol_version, expected_version);
+    assert_eq!(
+        initialized.server_info.name,
+        if legacy_session {
+            "legacy-stdio-test"
+        } else {
+            "strict-stdio-test"
+        }
+    );
+    let tools = client
+        .list_tools(/*params*/ None, Some(Duration::from_secs(5)))
+        .await?;
+    assert_eq!(
+        tools
+            .tools
+            .iter()
+            .map(|tool| tool.name.as_ref())
+            .collect::<Vec<_>>(),
+        vec!["echo"]
+    );
+    let result = client
+        .call_tool(
+            "echo".to_owned(),
+            Some(json!({"message": "hello stdio"})),
+            /*meta*/ None,
+            Some(Duration::from_secs(5)),
+        )
+        .await?;
+    assert_eq!(
+        result.content[0].as_text().map(|text| text.text.as_str()),
+        Some(if legacy_session {
+            "legacy approved"
+        } else {
+            "modern approved"
+        })
+    );
+    assert_eq!(elicitation_count.load(Ordering::Relaxed), 1);
+    client.shutdown().await;
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+#[tokio::test(flavor = "multi_thread", worker_threads = 2)]
+async fn modern_local_stdio_discovers_metadata_only_identity_and_drives_mrtr() -> anyhow::Result<()>
+{
+    exercise_stdio_server(
+        "modern",
+        McpProtocolMode::V20260728,
+        /*opt_in*/ true,
+        /*use_executor*/ false,
+    )
+    .await
+}
+
+#[tokio::test(flavor = "multi_thread", worker_threads = 2)]
+async fn modern_executor_stdio_discovers_metadata_only_identity_and_drives_mrtr()
+-> anyhow::Result<()> {
+    exercise_stdio_server(
+        "modern",
+        McpProtocolMode::V20260728,
+        /*opt_in*/ true,
+        /*use_executor*/ true,
+    )
+    .await
+}
+
+#[tokio::test(flavor = "multi_thread", worker_threads = 2)]
+async fn legacy_stdio_supports_sep1034_defaults_without_the_rollout_flag() -> anyhow::Result<()> {
+    exercise_stdio_server(
+        "legacy",
+        McpProtocolMode::Legacy,
+        /*opt_in*/ false,
+        /*use_executor*/ false,
+    )
+    .await
+}
+
+#[tokio::test(flavor = "multi_thread", worker_threads = 2)]
+async fn rollout_flag_alone_preserves_legacy_stdio_and_sep1034_defaults() -> anyhow::Result<()> {
+    exercise_stdio_server(
+        "legacy",
+        McpProtocolMode::V20260728,
+        /*opt_in*/ false,
+        /*use_executor*/ false,
+    )
+    .await
+}
+
+#[tokio::test(flavor = "multi_thread", worker_threads = 2)]
+async fn modern_stdio_safely_falls_back_to_legacy_elicitation() -> anyhow::Result<()> {
+    exercise_stdio_server(
+        "legacy-fallback",
+        McpProtocolMode::V20260728,
+        /*opt_in*/ true,
+        /*use_executor*/ false,
+    )
+    .await
+}