diff --git a/apps/desktop/src/App.vue b/apps/desktop/src/App.vue
index e00e75bddc..b2a196ec30 100644
--- a/apps/desktop/src/App.vue
+++ b/apps/desktop/src/App.vue
@@ -4493,7 +4493,7 @@ onUnmounted(() => {
                     @save-sql="(tabId: string) => void openSaveSqlDialog(tabId)"
                     @reload="(tabId: string, sql: any, searchText: any, whereInput: any, orderBy: any, limit: any, offset: any, intent: any) => onReloadData(tabId, sql, searchText, whereInput, orderBy, limit, offset, intent)"
                     @paginate="(tabId: string, offset: number, limit: number, whereInput?: string, orderBy?: string, appendResult?: boolean) => onPaginate(tabId, offset, limit, whereInput, orderBy, appendResult)"
-                    @sort="(tabId: string, column: string, columnIndex: number, direction: 'asc' | 'desc' | null, whereInput?: string, mode?: DataGridSortMode) => onSort(tabId, column, columnIndex, direction, whereInput, mode)"
+                    @sort="(tabId: string, column: string, columnIndex: number, direction: 'asc' | 'desc' | null, whereInput?: string, mode?: DataGridSortMode, effectiveOrderBy?: string) => onSort(tabId, column, columnIndex, direction, whereInput, mode, effectiveOrderBy)"
                     @execute-sql="(tabId: string, sql: string) => onExecuteSql(tabId, sql)"
                     @click-table="(_tabId: string, target: SqlObjectNavigationTarget) => onClickTable(target)"
                     @view-table-data="(_tabId: string, target: SqlObjectNavigationTarget) => onViewTableData(target)"
diff --git a/apps/desktop/src/components/grid/DataGrid.vue b/apps/desktop/src/components/grid/DataGrid.vue
index 6e3e4f6e72..3c6708da34 100644
--- a/apps/desktop/src/components/grid/DataGrid.vue
+++ b/apps/desktop/src/components/grid/DataGrid.vue
@@ -90,6 +90,8 @@ import DataGridQueryControls from "@/components/grid/DataGridQueryControls.vue";
 import DataGridFilterBuilder from "@/components/grid/DataGridFilterBuilder.vue";
 import DataGridFilterWorkbench from "@/components/grid/DataGridFilterWorkbench.vue";
 import DataGridTextFilterWorkbench from "@/components/grid/DataGridTextFilterWorkbench.vue";
+import DataGridSortWorkbench from "@/components/grid/DataGridSortWorkbench.vue";
+import DataGridTextSortWorkbench from "@/components/grid/DataGridTextSortWorkbench.vue";
 import DataGridTableInfoPanels from "@/components/grid/DataGridTableInfoPanels.vue";
 import DataGridColumnFilterPopover from "@/components/grid/DataGridColumnFilterPopover.vue";
 import DataGridCellDetailHeader from "@/components/grid/DataGridCellDetailHeader.vue";
@@ -334,6 +336,7 @@ import type { GridSnapshotSource } from "@/lib/gridSnapshot/gridSnapshot";
 import { createDataGridRuntimeScope } from "@/lib/dataGrid/dataGridRuntime";
 import { useDataGridEditor } from "@/composables/useDataGridEditor";
 import { useDataGridSort } from "@/composables/useDataGridSort";
+import { buildDataGridStructuredOrderBy, combineDataGridOrderByInputs, useDataGridSortBuilder } from "@/composables/useDataGridSortBuilder";
 import { useDataGridSearch, type DataGridSearchMatch } from "@/composables/useDataGridSearch";
 import { findDataGridReplacementMatches, prepareDataGridCellReplacements, type DataGridReplaceScope } from "@/lib/dataGrid/dataGridReplace";
 import { useDataGridResultLifecycle } from "@/composables/useDataGridResultLifecycle";
@@ -630,9 +633,10 @@ function logDataGridTiming(message: string, payload?: Record<string, unknown>) {
 const emit = defineEmits<{
   reload: [sql?: string, searchText?: string, whereInput?: string, orderBy?: string, limit?: number, offset?: number, intent?: DataGridReloadIntent];
   paginate: [offset: number, limit: number, whereInput?: string, orderBy?: string, appendResult?: boolean];
-  sort: [column: string, columnIndex: number, direction: "asc" | "desc" | null, whereInput?: string, mode?: DataGridSortMode];
+  sort: [column: string, columnIndex: number, direction: "asc" | "desc" | null, whereInput?: string, mode?: DataGridSortMode, effectiveOrderBy?: string];
   "update:whereInput": [value: string];
   "update:orderByInput": [value: string];
+  "update:structuredOrderByInput": [value: string];
   "local-column-filters-change": [value: Record<string, string[]>];
   changeQueryTimeout: [connectionId: string];
   cancel: [];
@@ -1226,6 +1230,12 @@ const filterModeOptions = computed(() => allFilterModeOptions.filter((option) =>
 const filterBuilderColumnOptions = computed(() => filterBuilderColumns.value.map((column) => column.name));
 const structuredFilterCacheKey = computed(() => props.cacheKey || [props.connectionId ?? "", props.database ?? "", props.context ?? "", props.tableMeta?.schema ?? "", props.tableMeta?.tableName ?? ""].join("\u0001"));
 const structuredFilterScopeKey = computed(() => [props.connectionId ?? "", props.database ?? "", props.schema ?? "", props.context ?? "", props.tableMeta?.schema ?? "", props.tableMeta?.tableName ?? "", props.tableMeta?.columns.map((column) => column.name).join("\0") ?? ""].join("\u0001"));
+const sortBuilderScopeKey = computed(() =>
+  JSON.stringify({
+    filterScope: structuredFilterScopeKey.value,
+    columns: filterBuilderColumnOptions.value,
+  }),
+);
 function isStructuredFilterRuleComplete(rule: StructuredFilterRule): boolean {
   return filterModeIsSupportedForDatabase(rule.mode, resolvedDatabaseType.value) && filterModeHasCompleteValue(rule.mode, rule.rawValue, rule.rawEndValue);
 }
@@ -2030,8 +2040,7 @@ watch(whereFilterInput, () => {
 });
 
 function clearOrderByInput() {
-  orderByInput.value = "";
-  void applyOrderBySearch();
+  void clearStructuredSortRules();
 }
 
 watch(orderByInput, (value) => {
@@ -2056,6 +2065,78 @@ watch(
 );
 
 const isApplyingWhere = ref(false);
+const sortBuilder = useDataGridSortBuilder({
+  columns: filterBuilderColumnOptions,
+  cacheKey: structuredFilterCacheKey,
+  scopeKey: sortBuilderScopeKey,
+  createId: uuid,
+});
+const structuredSortRules = sortBuilder.rules;
+const sortBuilderOpen = sortBuilder.open;
+const appliedStructuredOrderByInput = sortBuilder.appliedOrderByInput;
+const sortButtonCount = sortBuilder.activeRuleCount;
+const sortButtonActive = computed(() => !!appliedStructuredOrderByInput.value);
+const applyingOnlyStructuredSort = ref(false);
+const sortSqlPreview = computed(() => {
+  const draftStructuredOrderBy = buildDataGridStructuredOrderBy(structuredSortRules.value, queryColumnRef) ?? "";
+  const orderBy = combineDataGridOrderByInputs(orderByInput.value, draftStructuredOrderBy);
+  return orderBy ? `ORDER BY ${orderBy}` : "";
+});
+
+function copySortSqlPreview() {
+  if (!sortSqlPreview.value) return;
+  void copyText(sortSqlPreview.value);
+  toast(t("grid.sortSqlCopied"));
+}
+
+function setSortBuilderOpen(value: boolean) {
+  sortBuilder.setOpen(value);
+}
+
+async function applyStructuredSortRules() {
+  const nextOrderBy = buildDataGridStructuredOrderBy(structuredSortRules.value, queryColumnRef);
+  if (nextOrderBy === undefined) {
+    toast(t("grid.sortBuilderCompleteRuleFirst"));
+    return;
+  }
+  const applied = await applyOrderBySearch(undefined, nextOrderBy);
+  if (!applied) return;
+  if (filterEditorView.value === "quick") sortBuilder.setOpen(false);
+}
+
+async function applyOnlyStructuredSortRule(ruleId: string) {
+  if (!canUseWhereSearch.value || applyingOnlyStructuredSort.value || isApplyingWhere.value) return;
+  const rule = structuredSortRules.value.find((item) => item.id === ruleId);
+  if (!rule?.columnName) {
+    toast(t("grid.sortBuilderCompleteRuleFirst"));
+    return;
+  }
+  const nextOrderBy = buildDataGridStructuredOrderBy([{ ...rule, disabled: false }], queryColumnRef);
+  if (!nextOrderBy) {
+    toast(t("grid.sortBuilderCompleteRuleFirst"));
+    return;
+  }
+  applyingOnlyStructuredSort.value = true;
+  const scopeKey = sortBuilderScopeKey.value;
+  const cacheKey = structuredFilterCacheKey.value;
+  try {
+    sortBuilder.enableOnlyRule(ruleId);
+    const applied = await applyOrderBySearch(undefined, nextOrderBy);
+    if (applied && filterEditorView.value === "quick" && scopeKey === sortBuilderScopeKey.value && cacheKey === structuredFilterCacheKey.value) sortBuilder.setOpen(false);
+  } finally {
+    applyingOnlyStructuredSort.value = false;
+  }
+}
+
+async function clearStructuredSortRules() {
+  if (isApplyingWhere.value) return;
+  sortBuilder.clear();
+  orderByInput.value = "";
+  await applyOrderBySearch(undefined, "");
+}
+
+watch(filterEditorView, () => sortBuilder.setOpen(false));
+
 const rowStatusFilter = ref<RowStatusFilter>("all");
 const gridRef = ref<HTMLDivElement>();
 const dataGridTopbarRef = ref<HTMLDivElement>();
@@ -3220,7 +3301,7 @@ watch(
     // Switched between paginated and infinite scroll: reset to first page
     if (enabled !== prevEnabled) {
       resetInfiniteScrollState();
-      emit("paginate", 0, pageSize.value, currentWhereInput(), currentOrderBy());
+      emit("paginate", 0, pageSize.value, currentWhereInput(), effectiveOrderBy());
     }
   },
 );
@@ -3430,7 +3511,7 @@ watch(
       if (currentPage.value <= lastPageNum) return;
       currentPage.value = lastPageNum;
       resetGridVerticalScroll(true);
-      emit("paginate", (lastPageNum - 1) * pageSize.value, pageSize.value, currentWhereInput(), currentOrderBy());
+      emit("paginate", (lastPageNum - 1) * pageSize.value, pageSize.value, currentWhereInput(), effectiveOrderBy());
     }
   },
 );
@@ -3481,9 +3562,10 @@ function currentWhereInput(): string | undefined {
   return combineWhereInputs(whereFilterInput.value, appliedStructuredWhereInput.value);
 }
 
-function currentOrderBy(): string | undefined {
-  const structuredOrderBy = sortMode.value === "database" && sortCol.value ? `${queryColumnRef(sortCol.value)} ${sortDir.value.toUpperCase()}` : undefined;
-  return orderByInput.value.trim() || structuredOrderBy;
+function effectiveOrderBy(): string | undefined {
+  const columnOrderBy = sortMode.value === "database" && sortCol.value ? `${queryColumnRef(sortCol.value)} ${sortDir.value.toUpperCase()}` : undefined;
+  const manualOrderBy = orderByInput.value.trim() || columnOrderBy;
+  return combineDataGridOrderByInputs(manualOrderBy, appliedStructuredOrderByInput.value);
 }
 
 function executeServerPageJump(targetPage: number, updateCurrentPage = false) {
@@ -3495,7 +3577,7 @@ function executeServerPageJump(targetPage: number, updateCurrentPage = false) {
     currentPage.value = targetPage;
   }
   resetGridVerticalScroll(true);
-  emit("paginate", offset, pageSize.value, currentWhereInput(), currentOrderBy());
+  emit("paginate", offset, pageSize.value, currentWhereInput(), effectiveOrderBy());
 }
 
 function requestServerPageJump(targetPage: number, updateCurrentPage = false) {
@@ -3554,7 +3636,7 @@ function firstPage() {
   currentPage.value = 1;
   lastInfiniteScrollPage = 0;
   resetGridVerticalScroll(true);
-  emit("paginate", 0, pageSize.value, currentWhereInput(), currentOrderBy());
+  emit("paginate", 0, pageSize.value, currentWhereInput(), effectiveOrderBy());
 }
 function prevPage() {
   if (currentPage.value <= 1) {
@@ -3566,7 +3648,7 @@ function nextPage() {
   if (!canGoNextPage.value) return;
   currentPage.value++;
   resetGridVerticalScroll(true);
-  emit("paginate", (currentPage.value - 1) * pageSize.value, pageSize.value, currentWhereInput(), currentOrderBy());
+  emit("paginate", (currentPage.value - 1) * pageSize.value, pageSize.value, currentWhereInput(), effectiveOrderBy());
 }
 
 function jumpPage(page: number) {
@@ -3605,7 +3687,7 @@ function infiniteScrollNextPage() {
   currentPage.value = nextPageNum;
   // Fetch only the missing segment. Re-reading offset 0 grows transfer and replaces
   // row identities, which would invalidate pending edits while the user scrolls.
-  emit("paginate", nextOffset, nextLimit, currentWhereInput(), currentOrderBy());
+  emit("paginate", nextOffset, nextLimit, currentWhereInput(), effectiveOrderBy());
 }
 
 function selectAndRevealLastLoadedRow() {
@@ -3670,7 +3752,7 @@ function startLoadAllRows(segment: { offset: number; limit: number }) {
   infiniteScrollRequestedOffset = segment.offset;
   infiniteScrollRequestedLimit = segment.limit;
   currentPage.value++;
-  emit("paginate", segment.offset, segment.limit, currentWhereInput(), currentOrderBy(), true);
+  emit("paginate", segment.offset, segment.limit, currentWhereInput(), effectiveOrderBy(), true);
 }
 
 // Continues an explicit "load all" run chunk by chunk until the server runs
@@ -3730,7 +3812,7 @@ function changePageSize(size: number) {
   loadAllRowsLoopActive = false;
   infiniteScrollPositions = new WeakMap();
   resetGridVerticalScroll(true);
-  emit("paginate", 0, normalizedSize, currentWhereInput(), currentOrderBy());
+  emit("paginate", 0, normalizedSize, currentWhereInput(), effectiveOrderBy());
 }
 
 function setDefaultPageSize() {
@@ -3937,7 +4019,7 @@ async function refreshSavedRows(request: { dirtyRows: ReadonlyMap<number, Readon
     context: props.context,
     infiniteScroll: infiniteScrollEnabled.value,
     filterActive: !!currentWhereInput() || hasLocalColumnFilters.value || (dataGridSearchMode.value === "filter" && !!deferredClientSearchText.value),
-    orderActive: !!orderByInput.value.trim() || !!sortCol.value,
+    orderActive: !!effectiveOrderBy(),
     columns: request.columns,
     sourceColumns: props.sourceColumns,
     rows: request.rows,
@@ -4086,7 +4168,7 @@ const editor = useDataGridEditor({
   searchText,
   whereFilterInput,
   currentWhereInput: computed(() => currentWhereInput()),
-  orderByInput,
+  orderByInput: computed(() => effectiveOrderBy() ?? ""),
   rowStatusFilter,
   dataGridQuickEntryEnabled: computed(() => settingsStore.editorSettings.dataGridQuickEntry),
   confirmDangerousRowDeletion: computed(() => settingsStore.editorSettings.confirmDangerousSqlExecution),
@@ -4606,7 +4688,7 @@ async function reloadTableData(intent: DataGridReloadIntent) {
   }
   markConditionInputsApplied();
   prepareFullReload();
-  emit("reload", props.sql, searchText.value, currentWhereInput(), currentOrderBy(), pageSize.value, resetToFirstPage ? 0 : (currentPage.value - 1) * pageSize.value, intent);
+  emit("reload", props.sql, searchText.value, currentWhereInput(), effectiveOrderBy(), pageSize.value, resetToFirstPage ? 0 : (currentPage.value - 1) * pageSize.value, intent);
 }
 
 function setAutoRefreshInterval(seconds: number) {
@@ -4624,7 +4706,7 @@ async function onToolbarCommit() {
 function onToolbarRollback() {
   discardChanges();
   prepareFullReload();
-  emit("reload", props.sql, searchText.value, currentWhereInput(), currentOrderBy(), pageSize.value, (currentPage.value - 1) * pageSize.value);
+  emit("reload", props.sql, searchText.value, currentWhereInput(), effectiveOrderBy(), pageSize.value, (currentPage.value - 1) * pageSize.value);
 }
 
 function addRow() {
@@ -5567,7 +5649,7 @@ function currentViewProbe(): string {
     largeValueCells: props.result.large_value_cells,
     navigation: {
       whereInput: currentWhereInput(),
-      orderByInput: orderByInput.value,
+      orderByInput: effectiveOrderBy() ?? "",
       pageOffset: props.pageOffset,
       pageLimit: pageSize.value,
       sortColumn: props.sortColumn,
@@ -6552,7 +6634,8 @@ function applyColumnSort(column: string, columnIndex: number, direction: "asc" |
     clearSort();
     syncOrderByInputWithSort(null, null);
   }
-  emit("sort", column, columnIndex, direction, currentWhereInput(), mode);
+  if (mode === "database") emit("sort", column, columnIndex, direction, currentWhereInput(), mode, effectiveOrderBy());
+  else emit("sort", column, columnIndex, direction, currentWhereInput(), mode);
 }
 
 function selectHeaderSort(value: string, column: string, columnIndex: number) {
@@ -6631,18 +6714,26 @@ function waitForTableMeta(timeoutMs = 2500): Promise<DataGridTableMeta | null> {
   });
 }
 
-async function applyOrderBySearch() {
-  if (!props.onExecuteSql) return;
-  const orderByClause = orderByInput.value.trim() || undefined;
+async function applyOrderBySearch(_value?: string, structuredOrderByOverride?: string): Promise<boolean> {
+  if (!props.onExecuteSql) return false;
+  const structuredOrderBy = structuredOrderByOverride === undefined ? appliedStructuredOrderByInput.value : structuredOrderByOverride;
+  const orderByClause = combineDataGridOrderByInputs(orderByInput.value, structuredOrderBy);
+  const sortScopeKey = sortBuilderScopeKey.value;
+  const sortCacheKey = structuredFilterCacheKey.value;
   emit("update:orderByInput", orderByInput.value);
-  if (orderByClause) rememberDataGridConditionHistory("orderBy", conditionHistoryScope.value, orderByClause);
+  // Mirror applyWhereFilter's push into tab state: the structured clause lives
+  // in its own tab field so store-side rebuilds keep the composite ORDER BY
+  // while the manual input stays free of the structured terms.
+  emit("update:structuredOrderByInput", structuredOrderBy ?? "");
+  const manualOrderByClause = orderByInput.value.trim();
+  if (manualOrderByClause) rememberDataGridConditionHistory("orderBy", conditionHistoryScope.value, manualOrderByClause);
   isApplyingWhere.value = true;
   queryControlError.value = "";
   currentPage.value = 1;
   clearSort();
   try {
     const tableMeta = await waitForTableMeta();
-    if (!tableMeta) return;
+    if (!tableMeta) return false;
     const sql = await buildTableSelectSql({
       databaseType: resolvedDatabaseType.value,
       driverProfile: props.connectionId ? connectionStore.getConfig(props.connectionId)?.driver_profile : undefined,
@@ -6665,8 +6756,11 @@ async function applyOrderBySearch() {
     });
     markConditionInputsApplied();
     await props.onExecuteSql(sql);
+    if (structuredOrderByOverride !== undefined && sortScopeKey === sortBuilderScopeKey.value && sortCacheKey === structuredFilterCacheKey.value) sortBuilder.markApplied(structuredOrderByOverride);
+    return true;
   } catch (e: any) {
     queryControlError.value = String(e?.message || e);
+    return false;
   } finally {
     isApplyingWhere.value = false;
   }
@@ -6697,7 +6791,7 @@ async function applyWhereFilter() {
       includeDatabaseName: settingsStore.editorSettings.generateSqlIncludeDatabaseName,
       primaryKeys: tableMeta.primaryKeys,
       ...tableDataLargeValuePreviewOptions(resolvedDatabaseType.value, tableMeta.columns, tableMeta.primaryKeys, pageSize.value),
-      orderBy: orderByInput.value.trim() || (sortCol.value ? `${queryColumnRef(sortCol.value)} ${sortDir.value.toUpperCase()}` : undefined),
+      orderBy: effectiveOrderBy(),
       limit: pageSize.value,
       injectDefaultTimeSeriesWhere: true,
       whereInput,
@@ -7970,7 +8064,7 @@ async function syncUserFacingSql() {
       includeDatabaseName,
       injectDefaultTimeSeriesWhere: true,
       whereInput: currentWhereInput(),
-      orderBy: currentOrderBy(),
+      orderBy: effectiveOrderBy(),
       limit: footerPage.limit,
       offset: footerPage.offset,
     });
@@ -7981,7 +8075,7 @@ async function syncUserFacingSql() {
 }
 
 watch(
-  () => [props.sql, props.context, props.tableMeta, props.pageLimit, props.pageOffset, props.executedPageLimit, props.executedPageOffset, currentWhereInput(), currentOrderBy(), settingsStore.editorSettings.generateSqlIncludeDatabaseName],
+  () => [props.sql, props.context, props.tableMeta, props.pageLimit, props.pageOffset, props.executedPageLimit, props.executedPageOffset, currentWhereInput(), effectiveOrderBy(), settingsStore.editorSettings.generateSqlIncludeDatabaseName],
   () => void syncUserFacingSql(),
   { immediate: true },
 );
@@ -8050,7 +8144,7 @@ const {
   columnTypes: visibleColumnTypes,
   allColumnTypes,
   whereInput: computed(() => currentWhereInput()),
-  orderBy: computed(() => currentOrderBy()),
+  orderBy: computed(() => effectiveOrderBy()),
   exportBatchSize: computed(() => settingsStore.editorSettings.exportBatchSize),
   hasCellSelection,
   hasColumnSelection,
@@ -12548,8 +12642,10 @@ useUpdateBlocker(() => (hasPendingChanges.value || hasPendingDataEditorDraft.val
                   v-model:where-input="whereFilterInput"
                   v-model:order-by-input="orderByInput"
                   v-model:filter-builder-open="filterBuilderOpen"
+                  :sort-builder-open="sortBuilderOpen"
                   :filter-editor-view="filterEditorView"
                   :columns="props.tableMeta?.columns.map((column) => column.name) ?? props.result.columns"
+                  :comment-by-column="columnCommentMap"
                   :condition-columns="conditionColumns"
                   :identifier-quote="conditionIdentifierQuote"
                   :history-scope="conditionHistoryScope"
@@ -12558,6 +12654,11 @@ useUpdateBlocker(() => (hasPendingChanges.value || hasPendingDataEditorDraft.val
                   :leading-border="!!(useTransaction && editable && hasDataGridSaveTarget)"
                   :filter-button-active="filterButtonActive"
                   :filter-button-count="filterButtonCount"
+                  :sort-button-active="sortButtonActive"
+                  :sort-button-count="sortButtonCount"
+                  :sort-rules="structuredSortRules"
+                  :sort-builder-busy="isApplyingWhere"
+                  :sort-apply-only-busy="applyingOnlyStructuredSort"
                   :has-local-column-filters="hasLocalColumnFilters"
                   :local-filter-count="localFilterCount"
                   :local-filter-summaries="localFilterSummaries"
@@ -12569,6 +12670,15 @@ useUpdateBlocker(() => (hasPendingChanges.value || hasPendingDataEditorDraft.val
                   :apply-where="applyWhereFilter"
                   :apply-order-by="applyOrderBySearch"
                   :clear-order-by="clearOrderByInput"
+                  @update:sort-builder-open="setSortBuilderOpen"
+                  @add-sort-rule="sortBuilder.addRule"
+                  @remove-sort-rule="sortBuilder.removeRule"
+                  @move-sort-rule="sortBuilder.moveRule"
+                  @update-sort-rule="sortBuilder.updateRule"
+                  @apply-only-sort-rule="applyOnlyStructuredSortRule"
+                  @reset-sort-rules="sortBuilder.reset"
+                  @clear-sort-rules="clearStructuredSortRules"
+                  @apply-sort-rules="applyStructuredSortRules"
                   @update:column-search="filterBuilderColumnSearch = $event"
                   @ensure-rule="ensureStructuredFilterRule"
                   @add-rule="addStructuredFilterRule"
@@ -12770,6 +12880,44 @@ useUpdateBlocker(() => (hasPendingChanges.value || hasPendingDataEditorDraft.val
           @toggle-all-value-suggestions="toggleAllFilterValueSuggestions"
           @apply-value-suggestions="applyFilterValueSuggestions"
         />
+        <DataGridSortWorkbench
+          v-if="canUseWhereSearch && filterEditorView === 'conditions' && sortBuilderOpen"
+          :sql-preview="sortSqlPreview"
+          :rules="structuredSortRules"
+          :columns="filterBuilderColumnOptions"
+          :comment-by-column="columnCommentMap"
+          :busy="isApplyingWhere"
+          :apply-only-busy="applyingOnlyStructuredSort"
+          @add-rule="sortBuilder.addRule"
+          @remove-rule="sortBuilder.removeRule"
+          @move-rule="sortBuilder.moveRule"
+          @update-rule="sortBuilder.updateRule"
+          @apply-only="applyOnlyStructuredSortRule"
+          @reset="sortBuilder.reset"
+          @clear="clearStructuredSortRules"
+          @copy-sql="copySortSqlPreview"
+          @apply="applyStructuredSortRules"
+        />
+        <DataGridTextSortWorkbench
+          v-if="canUseWhereSearch && filterEditorView === 'text' && sortBuilderOpen"
+          :height="settingsStore.editorSettings.dataGridTextFilterPanelHeight"
+          :sql-preview="sortSqlPreview"
+          :rules="structuredSortRules"
+          :columns="filterBuilderColumnOptions"
+          :comment-by-column="columnCommentMap"
+          :busy="isApplyingWhere"
+          :apply-only-busy="applyingOnlyStructuredSort"
+          @update:height="updateTextFilterPanelHeight"
+          @add-rule="sortBuilder.addRule"
+          @remove-rule="sortBuilder.removeRule"
+          @move-rule="sortBuilder.moveRule"
+          @update-rule="sortBuilder.updateRule"
+          @apply-only="applyOnlyStructuredSortRule"
+          @reset="sortBuilder.reset"
+          @clear="clearStructuredSortRules"
+          @copy-sql="copySortSqlPreview"
+          @apply="applyStructuredSortRules"
+        />
         <!-- Truncation warning banner -->
         <div v-if="showTruncationWarning" class="shrink-0 px-3 py-1 bg-amber-500/10 border-b border-amber-500/20 text-xs text-amber-600 dark:text-amber-400 flex items-center gap-1.5">
           <span>{{ t(truncationHintKey, { count: result.rows.length }) }}</span>
diff --git a/apps/desktop/src/components/grid/DataGridQueryControls.vue b/apps/desktop/src/components/grid/DataGridQueryControls.vue
index 1d9d04bfbb..57a18522df 100644
--- a/apps/desktop/src/components/grid/DataGridQueryControls.vue
+++ b/apps/desktop/src/components/grid/DataGridQueryControls.vue
@@ -1,13 +1,15 @@
 <script setup lang="ts">
 import { computed, nextTick, onUnmounted, ref, watch } from "vue";
-import { Filter, Trash2, X } from "@lucide/vue";
+import { ArrowUpDown, Filter, Trash2, X } from "@lucide/vue";
 import { useI18n } from "vue-i18n";
 import { Button } from "@/components/ui/button";
 import { Popover, PopoverContent, PopoverTrigger } from "@/components/ui/popover";
 import DataGridConditionEditor from "@/components/grid/DataGridConditionEditor.vue";
 import DataGridFilterBuilder from "@/components/grid/DataGridFilterBuilder.vue";
+import DataGridSortBuilder from "@/components/grid/DataGridSortBuilder.vue";
 import type { DataGridConditionColumnOption } from "@/composables/useDataGridConditionEditor";
 import type { DataGridStructuredFilterRule } from "@/composables/useDataGridFilterBuilder";
+import type { DataGridStructuredSortRule } from "@/composables/useDataGridSortBuilder";
 import type { DataGridConditionHistoryScope } from "@/lib/dataGrid/dataGridConditionHistory";
 import type { DataGridContextFilterMode } from "@/lib/dataGrid/dataGridSql";
 import type { DataGridDistinctValueSuggestionState, DataGridDistinctValueSuggestionTarget } from "@/lib/dataGrid/dataGridDistinctValueSuggestions";
@@ -26,6 +28,7 @@ const props = defineProps<{
   whereInput: string;
   orderByInput: string;
   columns: readonly string[];
+  commentByColumn?: ReadonlyMap<string, string>;
   conditionColumns: readonly DataGridConditionColumnOption[];
   identifierQuote?: string;
   historyScope: DataGridConditionHistoryScope;
@@ -48,12 +51,19 @@ const props = defineProps<{
   applyWhere: (value?: string) => void | boolean | Promise<void | boolean>;
   applyOrderBy: (value?: string) => void | boolean | Promise<void | boolean>;
   clearOrderBy: () => void | Promise<void>;
+  sortBuilderOpen?: boolean;
+  sortButtonActive?: boolean;
+  sortButtonCount?: number;
+  sortRules?: readonly DataGridStructuredSortRule[];
+  sortBuilderBusy?: boolean;
+  sortApplyOnlyBusy?: boolean;
 }>();
 
 const emit = defineEmits<{
   "update:whereInput": [value: string];
   "update:orderByInput": [value: string];
   "update:filterBuilderOpen": [value: boolean];
+  "update:sortBuilderOpen": [value: boolean];
   "update:columnSearch": [value: string];
   ensureRule: [];
   addRule: [];
@@ -72,6 +82,14 @@ const emit = defineEmits<{
   toggleValueSuggestion: [option: DataGridLocalFilterOption];
   toggleAllValueSuggestions: [];
   applyValueSuggestions: [];
+  addSortRule: [];
+  removeSortRule: [id: string];
+  moveSortRule: [id: string, targetIndex: number];
+  updateSortRule: [id: string, patch: Partial<DataGridStructuredSortRule>];
+  applyOnlySortRule: [id: string];
+  resetSortRules: [];
+  clearSortRules: [];
+  applySortRules: [];
 }>();
 
 const { t } = useI18n();
@@ -157,6 +175,7 @@ async function openPendingFirstEmptyRuleColumnSearch() {
 async function handleFilterButtonClick() {
   if (props.filterEditorView !== "quick") {
     const nextOpen = !props.filterBuilderOpen;
+    if (nextOpen && props.sortBuilderOpen) emit("update:sortBuilderOpen", false);
     emit("update:filterBuilderOpen", nextOpen);
     if (nextOpen) emit("ensureRule");
     return;
@@ -175,6 +194,16 @@ function updateQuickFilterBuilderOpen(open: boolean) {
   if (!open) emit("closeValueSuggestions");
 }
 
+function updateSortBuilderOpen(open: boolean) {
+  emit("update:sortBuilderOpen", open);
+}
+
+function handleSortButtonClick() {
+  const nextOpen = !props.sortBuilderOpen;
+  if (nextOpen && props.filterBuilderOpen) emit("update:filterBuilderOpen", false);
+  emit("update:sortBuilderOpen", nextOpen);
+}
+
 watch([() => props.filterBuilderOpen, () => props.rules.map((rule) => `${rule.id}:${rule.columnName}:${rule.disabled ? "1" : "0"}`).join("\u0000"), filterBuilderRef], () => void openPendingFirstEmptyRuleColumnSearch(), { flush: "post" });
 
 onUnmounted(onResizeEnd);
@@ -296,7 +325,53 @@ onUnmounted(onResizeEnd);
     >
       <span class="h-5 w-px bg-border group-hover:bg-primary/60" />
     </button>
-    <div class="flex flex-1 items-center px-2 py-0.5 border-r min-w-0">
+    <div class="flex flex-1 items-center gap-1 px-2 py-0.5 border-r min-w-0">
+      <template v-if="filterEditorView === 'quick'">
+        <Popover :open="sortBuilderOpen" @update:open="updateSortBuilderOpen">
+          <PopoverTrigger as-child>
+            <button
+              type="button"
+              class="relative flex h-5 w-5 -translate-x-1 shrink-0 items-center justify-center rounded border text-[11px] font-medium transition-colors"
+              :class="sortButtonActive ? 'border-primary/40 bg-primary/10 text-primary hover:bg-primary/15' : 'border-border/70 text-muted-foreground hover:bg-accent hover:text-foreground'"
+              :disabled="!canUseWhereSearch"
+              :aria-label="t('grid.sortBuilderTitle')"
+            >
+              <ArrowUpDown class="h-3 w-3" />
+              <span v-if="sortButtonCount" class="absolute -right-1 -top-1 flex h-3.5 min-w-3.5 items-center justify-center rounded-full bg-primary px-1 text-[9px] leading-none text-primary-foreground">{{ sortButtonCount }}</span>
+            </button>
+          </PopoverTrigger>
+          <PopoverContent data-sort-rules-scroll align="start" :collision-padding="8" class="max-h-[var(--reka-popover-content-available-height)] w-fit max-w-[calc(100vw-16px)] overflow-y-auto overscroll-contain p-2.5">
+            <DataGridSortBuilder
+              :rules="sortRules ?? []"
+              :columns="columns"
+              :comment-by-column="commentByColumn"
+              :busy="sortBuilderBusy"
+              :apply-only-busy="sortApplyOnlyBusy"
+              @add="emit('addSortRule')"
+              @remove="emit('removeSortRule', $event)"
+              @move="(id, targetIndex) => emit('moveSortRule', id, targetIndex)"
+              @update-rule="(id, patch) => emit('updateSortRule', id, patch)"
+              @apply-only="emit('applyOnlySortRule', $event)"
+              @reset="emit('resetSortRules')"
+              @clear="emit('clearSortRules')"
+              @apply="emit('applySortRules')"
+            />
+          </PopoverContent>
+        </Popover>
+      </template>
+      <button
+        v-else
+        type="button"
+        class="relative flex h-5 w-5 -translate-x-1 shrink-0 items-center justify-center rounded border text-[11px] font-medium transition-colors"
+        :class="sortButtonActive ? 'border-primary/40 bg-primary/10 text-primary hover:bg-primary/15' : 'border-border/70 text-muted-foreground hover:bg-accent hover:text-foreground'"
+        :disabled="!canUseWhereSearch"
+        :aria-label="t('grid.sortBuilderTitle')"
+        :aria-expanded="sortBuilderOpen"
+        @click="handleSortButtonClick"
+      >
+        <ArrowUpDown class="h-3 w-3" />
+        <span v-if="sortButtonCount" class="absolute -right-1 -top-1 flex h-3.5 min-w-3.5 items-center justify-center rounded-full bg-primary px-1 text-[9px] leading-none text-primary-foreground">{{ sortButtonCount }}</span>
+      </button>
       <DataGridConditionEditor
         :model-value="orderByInput"
         kind="orderBy"
@@ -307,6 +382,7 @@ onUnmounted(onResizeEnd);
         :history-empty-text="t('grid.conditionHistoryEmpty')"
         :history-no-matches-text="t('grid.conditionHistoryNoMatches')"
         :compact="compact"
+        :disabled="sortBuilderBusy"
         :apply="applyOrderBy"
         :clear="clearOrderBy"
         @update:model-value="emit('update:orderByInput', $event)"
diff --git a/apps/desktop/src/components/grid/DataGridSortBuilder.vue b/apps/desktop/src/components/grid/DataGridSortBuilder.vue
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d3b92c44aa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apps/desktop/src/components/grid/DataGridSortBuilder.vue
@@ -0,0 +1,474 @@
+<script setup lang="ts">
+import { computed, nextTick, onBeforeUnmount, ref } from "vue";
+import { ArrowDown, ArrowUp, Check, Eye, EyeOff, Focus, GripVertical, Plus, Search, Trash2, X } from "@lucide/vue";
+import { useI18n } from "vue-i18n";
+import { Button } from "@/components/ui/button";
+import { Select, SelectContent, SelectItem, SelectTrigger, SelectValue } from "@/components/ui/select";
+import LightTooltip from "@/components/ui/LightTooltip.vue";
+import type { DataGridStructuredSortRule } from "@/composables/useDataGridSortBuilder";
+import { resolveDataGridFilterRuleDropPlacement } from "@/lib/dataGrid/dataGridFilterRuleDrag";
+import type { DataGridSortDirection } from "@/lib/dataGrid/dataGridSort";
+import { matchesIdentifierSearch } from "@/lib/sql/identifierSearch";
+
+const RULE_DROP_ZONE_EXTENSION = 36;
+const RULE_AUTO_SCROLL_EDGE_SIZE = 40;
+const RULE_AUTO_SCROLL_MAX_SPEED = 12;
+const IME_COMPOSITION_END_GRACE_MS = 120;
+
+const props = withDefaults(
+  defineProps<{
+    rules: readonly DataGridStructuredSortRule[];
+    columns: readonly string[];
+    commentByColumn?: ReadonlyMap<string, string>;
+    busy?: boolean;
+    applyOnlyBusy?: boolean;
+    showHeader?: boolean;
+    showFooter?: boolean;
+    layout?: "popover" | "panel" | "text";
+  }>(),
+  { showHeader: true, showFooter: true, layout: "popover" },
+);
+
+const emit = defineEmits<{
+  add: [];
+  remove: [id: string];
+  move: [id: string, targetIndex: number];
+  updateRule: [id: string, patch: Partial<DataGridStructuredSortRule>];
+  applyOnly: [id: string];
+  reset: [];
+  clear: [];
+  apply: [];
+}>();
+
+const { t } = useI18n();
+const rootRef = ref<HTMLElement>();
+const ruleElements = new Map<string, HTMLElement>();
+const columnSearchInputs = new Map<string, HTMLInputElement>();
+const columnSearches = ref<Record<string, string>>({});
+const openColumnSelectIds = ref(new Set<string>());
+const activeColumnIndexes = ref<Record<string, number>>({});
+const composingSearches = new Set<string>();
+const compositionEndedAt = new Map<string, number>();
+const draggingRuleId = ref<string>();
+const dropRuleId = ref<string>();
+const dropPosition = ref<"before" | "after">();
+const dropTargetIndex = ref<number>();
+let dragPointerId: number | undefined;
+let dragPointerY: number | undefined;
+let dragHandle: HTMLElement | undefined;
+let dragContainer: HTMLElement | undefined;
+let autoScrollFrame: number | undefined;
+let dragBodyStyleActive = false;
+let previousBodyUserSelect = "";
+let previousBodyCursor = "";
+
+const hasIncompleteActiveRule = computed(() => props.rules.some((rule) => !rule.disabled && !rule.columnName));
+
+function filteredColumns(rule: DataGridStructuredSortRule): string[] {
+  const query = columnSearches.value[rule.id]?.trim() ?? "";
+  if (!query) return [...props.columns];
+  // Match column comments too, mirroring the filter builder's comment search (#10759).
+  const comments = props.commentByColumn;
+  return props.columns.filter((column) => matchesIdentifierSearch(column, query) || matchesIdentifierSearch(comments?.get(column) ?? comments?.get(column.toLowerCase()) ?? "", query));
+}
+
+function setRuleElement(id: string, element: unknown) {
+  if (element instanceof HTMLElement) ruleElements.set(id, element);
+  else ruleElements.delete(id);
+}
+
+function setColumnSearchInput(id: string, element: unknown) {
+  if (!(element instanceof HTMLInputElement)) {
+    columnSearchInputs.delete(id);
+    return;
+  }
+  columnSearchInputs.set(id, element);
+  if (openColumnSelectIds.value.has(id)) window.requestAnimationFrame(() => element.focus({ preventScroll: true }));
+}
+
+function setColumnSelectOpen(id: string, open: boolean) {
+  const next = new Set(openColumnSelectIds.value);
+  if (open) {
+    next.clear();
+    next.add(id);
+  } else {
+    next.delete(id);
+    columnSearches.value = { ...columnSearches.value, [id]: "" };
+  }
+  openColumnSelectIds.value = next;
+}
+
+function activeColumnIndex(id: string): number {
+  return activeColumnIndexes.value[id] ?? -1;
+}
+
+function scrollColumnIntoView(id: string, index: number, block: ScrollLogicalPosition) {
+  const listbox = columnSearchInputs.get(id)?.closest('[role="listbox"]');
+  listbox?.querySelectorAll<HTMLElement>('[role="option"]')[index]?.scrollIntoView?.({ block });
+}
+
+function setActiveColumnIndex(rule: DataGridStructuredSortRule, index: number, scrollBlock: ScrollLogicalPosition = "nearest") {
+  const count = filteredColumns(rule).length;
+  const nextIndex = count ? ((index % count) + count) % count : -1;
+  activeColumnIndexes.value = { ...activeColumnIndexes.value, [rule.id]: nextIndex };
+  window.requestAnimationFrame(() => scrollColumnIntoView(rule.id, nextIndex, scrollBlock));
+}
+
+async function handleColumnSelectOpen(rule: DataGridStructuredSortRule, open: boolean) {
+  setColumnSelectOpen(rule.id, open);
+  if (!open) return;
+  const selectedIndex = filteredColumns(rule).indexOf(rule.columnName);
+  const nextIndex = selectedIndex >= 0 ? selectedIndex : 0;
+  setActiveColumnIndex(rule, nextIndex, "start");
+  await nextTick();
+  window.requestAnimationFrame(() => columnSearchInputs.get(rule.id)?.focus({ preventScroll: true }));
+}
+
+function updateColumnSearch(rule: DataGridStructuredSortRule, event: Event) {
+  columnSearches.value = { ...columnSearches.value, [rule.id]: (event.target as HTMLInputElement).value };
+  setActiveColumnIndex(rule, 0);
+}
+
+function selectColumn(rule: DataGridStructuredSortRule, column: unknown) {
+  emit("updateRule", rule.id, { columnName: String(column) });
+  setColumnSelectOpen(rule.id, false);
+}
+
+function startImeComposition(id: string) {
+  composingSearches.add(id);
+  compositionEndedAt.delete(id);
+}
+
+function endImeComposition(id: string) {
+  composingSearches.delete(id);
+  compositionEndedAt.set(id, Date.now());
+}
+
+function isImeCompositionKey(event: KeyboardEvent, id: string): boolean {
+  const endedAt = compositionEndedAt.get(id);
+  const justEnded = event.key === "Enter" && endedAt !== undefined && Date.now() - endedAt <= IME_COMPOSITION_END_GRACE_MS;
+  if (justEnded || (endedAt !== undefined && event.key !== "Process")) compositionEndedAt.delete(id);
+  return event.isComposing || event.key === "Process" || event.keyCode === 229 || composingSearches.has(id) || justEnded;
+}
+
+function handleColumnSearchKeydown(event: KeyboardEvent, rule: DataGridStructuredSortRule) {
+  if (isImeCompositionKey(event, rule.id)) {
+    event.stopPropagation();
+    return;
+  }
+  if (event.key === "ArrowDown" || event.key === "ArrowUp") {
+    event.preventDefault();
+    event.stopPropagation();
+    setActiveColumnIndex(rule, activeColumnIndex(rule.id) + (event.key === "ArrowDown" ? 1 : -1));
+    return;
+  }
+  if (event.key === "Enter") {
+    const column = filteredColumns(rule)[activeColumnIndex(rule.id)];
+    if (!column) return;
+    event.preventDefault();
+    event.stopPropagation();
+    selectColumn(rule, column);
+    return;
+  }
+  if (!["Escape", "Tab"].includes(event.key)) event.stopPropagation();
+}
+
+function removeDragListeners() {
+  window.removeEventListener("pointermove", handlePointerMove, true);
+  window.removeEventListener("pointerup", handlePointerUp, true);
+  window.removeEventListener("pointercancel", handlePointerCancel, true);
+  window.removeEventListener("keydown", handleDragKeydown, true);
+  window.removeEventListener("blur", clearDragState);
+}
+
+function stopAutoScroll() {
+  if (autoScrollFrame !== undefined) window.cancelAnimationFrame(autoScrollFrame);
+  autoScrollFrame = undefined;
+}
+
+function clearDropTarget() {
+  dropRuleId.value = undefined;
+  dropPosition.value = undefined;
+  dropTargetIndex.value = undefined;
+}
+
+function clearDragState() {
+  stopAutoScroll();
+  removeDragListeners();
+  if (dragHandle && dragPointerId !== undefined && dragHandle.hasPointerCapture?.(dragPointerId)) dragHandle.releasePointerCapture(dragPointerId);
+  if (dragBodyStyleActive) {
+    document.body.style.userSelect = previousBodyUserSelect;
+    document.body.style.cursor = previousBodyCursor;
+  }
+  draggingRuleId.value = undefined;
+  dragPointerId = undefined;
+  dragPointerY = undefined;
+  dragHandle = undefined;
+  dragContainer = undefined;
+  dragBodyStyleActive = false;
+  clearDropTarget();
+}
+
+function updateDropTarget(clientY: number) {
+  if (!draggingRuleId.value) return;
+  const placement = resolveDataGridFilterRuleDropPlacement(
+    props.rules.map((rule) => rule.id),
+    draggingRuleId.value,
+    props.rules.flatMap((rule) => {
+      const element = ruleElements.get(rule.id);
+      if (!element) return [];
+      const bounds = element.getBoundingClientRect();
+      return [{ id: rule.id, top: bounds.top, bottom: bounds.bottom }];
+    }),
+    clientY,
+  );
+  if (!placement) {
+    clearDropTarget();
+    return;
+  }
+  dropRuleId.value = placement.ruleId;
+  dropPosition.value = placement.position;
+  dropTargetIndex.value = placement.targetIndex;
+}
+
+function pointerWithinDropZone(event: PointerEvent): boolean {
+  const bounds = dragContainer?.getBoundingClientRect();
+  return !!bounds && event.clientX >= bounds.left && event.clientX <= bounds.right && event.clientY >= bounds.top - RULE_DROP_ZONE_EXTENSION && event.clientY <= bounds.bottom + RULE_DROP_ZONE_EXTENSION;
+}
+
+function autoScrollSpeed(clientY: number, bounds: DOMRect): number {
+  if (clientY < bounds.top + RULE_AUTO_SCROLL_EDGE_SIZE) return -Math.max(1, Math.ceil(Math.min(1, (bounds.top + RULE_AUTO_SCROLL_EDGE_SIZE - clientY) / RULE_AUTO_SCROLL_EDGE_SIZE) * RULE_AUTO_SCROLL_MAX_SPEED));
+  if (clientY > bounds.bottom - RULE_AUTO_SCROLL_EDGE_SIZE) return Math.max(1, Math.ceil(Math.min(1, (clientY - (bounds.bottom - RULE_AUTO_SCROLL_EDGE_SIZE)) / RULE_AUTO_SCROLL_EDGE_SIZE) * RULE_AUTO_SCROLL_MAX_SPEED));
+  return 0;
+}
+
+function runAutoScroll() {
+  autoScrollFrame = undefined;
+  if (!draggingRuleId.value || !dragContainer || dragPointerY === undefined) return;
+  const speed = autoScrollSpeed(dragPointerY, dragContainer.getBoundingClientRect());
+  if (!speed) return;
+  const previousScrollTop = dragContainer.scrollTop;
+  dragContainer.scrollTop += speed;
+  if (dragContainer.scrollTop === previousScrollTop) return;
+  updateDropTarget(dragPointerY);
+  autoScrollFrame = window.requestAnimationFrame(runAutoScroll);
+}
+
+function scheduleAutoScroll() {
+  if (autoScrollFrame === undefined) autoScrollFrame = window.requestAnimationFrame(runAutoScroll);
+}
+
+function handlePointerMove(event: PointerEvent) {
+  if (!draggingRuleId.value || event.pointerId !== dragPointerId) return;
+  if (!pointerWithinDropZone(event)) {
+    stopAutoScroll();
+    clearDropTarget();
+    return;
+  }
+  event.preventDefault();
+  dragPointerY = event.clientY;
+  updateDropTarget(event.clientY);
+  scheduleAutoScroll();
+}
+
+function handlePointerUp(event: PointerEvent) {
+  if (!draggingRuleId.value || event.pointerId !== dragPointerId) return;
+  if (pointerWithinDropZone(event)) {
+    event.preventDefault();
+    updateDropTarget(event.clientY);
+    if (dropTargetIndex.value !== undefined) emit("move", draggingRuleId.value, dropTargetIndex.value);
+  }
+  clearDragState();
+}
+
+function handlePointerCancel(event: PointerEvent) {
+  if (event.pointerId === dragPointerId) clearDragState();
+}
+
+function handleDragKeydown(event: KeyboardEvent) {
+  if (event.key !== "Escape" || !draggingRuleId.value) return;
+  event.preventDefault();
+  clearDragState();
+}
+
+function startPointerDrag(event: PointerEvent, id: string) {
+  if (event.button !== 0 || props.rules.length < 2) return;
+  const handle = event.currentTarget instanceof HTMLElement ? event.currentTarget : undefined;
+  dragContainer = handle?.closest<HTMLElement>("[data-sort-rules-scroll]") ?? rootRef.value;
+  if (!dragContainer || !handle) return;
+  event.preventDefault();
+  event.stopPropagation();
+  draggingRuleId.value = id;
+  dragPointerId = event.pointerId;
+  dragPointerY = event.clientY;
+  dragHandle = handle;
+  previousBodyUserSelect = document.body.style.userSelect;
+  previousBodyCursor = document.body.style.cursor;
+  dragBodyStyleActive = true;
+  document.body.style.userSelect = "none";
+  document.body.style.cursor = "grabbing";
+  handle.setPointerCapture?.(event.pointerId);
+  updateDropTarget(event.clientY);
+  window.addEventListener("pointermove", handlePointerMove, true);
+  window.addEventListener("pointerup", handlePointerUp, true);
+  window.addEventListener("pointercancel", handlePointerCancel, true);
+  window.addEventListener("keydown", handleDragKeydown, true);
+  window.addEventListener("blur", clearDragState);
+}
+
+function moveRuleByKeyboard(event: KeyboardEvent, id: string, offset: -1 | 1) {
+  const sourceIndex = props.rules.findIndex((rule) => rule.id === id);
+  const targetIndex = sourceIndex + offset;
+  if (sourceIndex < 0 || targetIndex < 0 || targetIndex >= props.rules.length) return;
+  event.preventDefault();
+  emit("move", id, targetIndex);
+}
+
+onBeforeUnmount(clearDragState);
+</script>
+
+<template>
+  <div ref="rootRef" class="max-w-full" :class="props.layout === 'text' ? 'w-full space-y-0' : [props.layout === 'panel' ? 'w-full' : 'w-[30rem] max-w-[calc(100vw-16px)]', 'space-y-2']">
+    <div v-if="props.showHeader !== false" class="flex items-center justify-between gap-2">
+      <div class="text-xs font-medium text-foreground">{{ t("grid.sortBuilderTitle") }}</div>
+      <Button variant="ghost" size="sm" class="h-7 px-2 text-xs" :disabled="busy" @click="emit('clear')"><Trash2 class="mr-1 h-3.5 w-3.5" />{{ t("grid.clearSort") }}</Button>
+    </div>
+
+    <div v-if="rules.length" :class="props.layout === 'text' ? 'space-y-0' : 'space-y-1.5'">
+      <div
+        v-for="rule in rules"
+        :key="rule.id"
+        :ref="(element) => setRuleElement(rule.id, element)"
+        data-sort-rule-item
+        class="sort-rule-row relative grid items-center"
+        :class="[props.layout === 'text' ? 'min-h-7 grid-cols-[18px_22px_minmax(180px,1fr)_6.5rem_auto] gap-0.5 border-b border-border/45 px-1 hover:bg-muted/25' : 'grid-cols-[18px_minmax(180px,1fr)_6.5rem_auto] gap-1.5', rule.disabled ? 'opacity-60' : '']"
+        :data-dragging="draggingRuleId === rule.id ? '' : undefined"
+        :data-drop-position="dropRuleId === rule.id ? dropPosition : undefined"
+      >
+        <button
+          type="button"
+          data-sort-drag-handle
+          class="flex h-6 w-4 touch-none cursor-grab items-center justify-center justify-self-center text-muted-foreground/70 outline-none hover:text-foreground focus-visible:text-primary disabled:cursor-default disabled:opacity-30 active:cursor-grabbing"
+          :disabled="rules.length < 2"
+          :aria-label="t('grid.sortBuilderReorderRule')"
+          :aria-grabbed="draggingRuleId === rule.id"
+          @pointerdown="startPointerDrag($event, rule.id)"
+          @keydown.up="moveRuleByKeyboard($event, rule.id, -1)"
+          @keydown.down="moveRuleByKeyboard($event, rule.id, 1)"
+        >
+          <GripVertical class="h-3.5 w-3.5" />
+        </button>
+
+        <button
+          v-if="props.layout === 'text'"
+          type="button"
+          role="checkbox"
+          :aria-checked="!rule.disabled"
+          :aria-label="rule.disabled ? t('grid.sortBuilderEnableRule') : t('grid.sortBuilderDisableRule')"
+          class="flex h-4 w-4 items-center justify-center justify-self-center border text-primary transition-colors hover:border-primary"
+          :class="rule.disabled ? 'border-muted-foreground/40 bg-background' : 'border-primary bg-primary/10'"
+          @click="emit('updateRule', rule.id, { disabled: !rule.disabled })"
+        >
+          <Check v-if="!rule.disabled" class="h-3 w-3" />
+        </button>
+
+        <Select :model-value="rule.columnName" :open="openColumnSelectIds.has(rule.id)" :disabled="rule.disabled" @update:model-value="(value: any) => selectColumn(rule, value)" @update:open="(open: boolean) => handleColumnSelectOpen(rule, open)">
+          <SelectTrigger size="sm" class="w-full min-w-0 overflow-hidden text-xs [&_[data-slot=select-value]]:min-w-0 [&_[data-slot=select-value]]:truncate" :class="props.layout === 'text' ? 'h-6 rounded-none border-0 bg-transparent px-1 shadow-none focus-visible:ring-0' : 'h-7'">
+            <SelectValue v-if="rule.columnName">{{ rule.columnName }}</SelectValue>
+            <SelectValue v-else :placeholder="t('grid.sortBuilderSelectColumn')" />
+          </SelectTrigger>
+          <SelectContent position="popper" class="max-h-72" :hide-scroll-buttons="true">
+            <SelectItem v-for="(column, columnIndex) in filteredColumns(rule)" :key="column" :value="column" class="rounded-none" :class="activeColumnIndex(rule.id) === columnIndex ? 'bg-accent text-accent-foreground' : ''" @pointermove="setActiveColumnIndex(rule, columnIndex)">
+              {{ column }}
+            </SelectItem>
+            <div v-if="!filteredColumns(rule).length" class="px-2 py-2 text-xs text-muted-foreground">{{ t("grid.filterBuilderNoMatchingColumns") }}</div>
+            <template #header>
+              <div data-sort-column-search class="flex items-center gap-1.5 border-b bg-popover px-2 py-1.5">
+                <Search class="h-3.5 w-3.5 text-muted-foreground" />
+                <input
+                  :ref="(element) => setColumnSearchInput(rule.id, element)"
+                  :value="columnSearches[rule.id] ?? ''"
+                  :aria-label="t('grid.filterBuilderSearchColumns')"
+                  class="h-7 min-w-0 flex-1 rounded-sm border border-input bg-background/60 px-2 text-xs outline-none placeholder:text-muted-foreground focus-visible:border-primary focus-visible:ring-1 focus-visible:ring-primary"
+                  :placeholder="t('grid.filterBuilderSearchColumns')"
+                  @input="updateColumnSearch(rule, $event)"
+                  @click.stop
+                  @compositionend="endImeComposition(rule.id)"
+                  @compositionstart="startImeComposition(rule.id)"
+                  @keydown="handleColumnSearchKeydown($event, rule)"
+                  @pointerdown.stop
+                />
+              </div>
+            </template>
+          </SelectContent>
+        </Select>
+
+        <Select :model-value="rule.direction" :disabled="rule.disabled" @update:model-value="(value: any) => emit('updateRule', rule.id, { direction: value as DataGridSortDirection })">
+          <SelectTrigger size="sm" class="text-xs" :class="props.layout === 'text' ? 'h-6 rounded-none border-0 bg-transparent px-1 shadow-none focus-visible:ring-0' : 'h-7'"><SelectValue /></SelectTrigger>
+          <SelectContent>
+            <SelectItem value="asc"
+              ><span class="flex items-center gap-1.5"><ArrowUp class="h-3.5 w-3.5" />ASC</span></SelectItem
+            >
+            <SelectItem value="desc"
+              ><span class="flex items-center gap-1.5"><ArrowDown class="h-3.5 w-3.5" />DESC</span></SelectItem
+            >
+          </SelectContent>
+        </Select>
+
+        <div class="flex items-center gap-0.5">
+          <LightTooltip :text="t('grid.sortBuilderApplyOnly')" side="top" :side-offset="4">
+            <Button variant="ghost" size="icon" class="h-7 w-7" :disabled="busy || applyOnlyBusy" :aria-label="t('grid.sortBuilderApplyOnly')" @click="emit('applyOnly', rule.id)">
+              <Focus class="h-3.5 w-3.5" />
+            </Button>
+          </LightTooltip>
+          <LightTooltip v-if="props.layout !== 'text'" :text="t(rule.disabled ? 'grid.sortBuilderEnableRule' : 'grid.sortBuilderDisableRule')" side="top" :side-offset="4">
+            <Button variant="ghost" size="icon" class="h-7 w-7" :aria-label="t(rule.disabled ? 'grid.sortBuilderEnableRule' : 'grid.sortBuilderDisableRule')" @click="emit('updateRule', rule.id, { disabled: !rule.disabled })">
+              <EyeOff v-if="rule.disabled" class="h-3.5 w-3.5" /><Eye v-else class="h-3.5 w-3.5" />
+            </Button>
+          </LightTooltip>
+          <template v-if="props.layout === 'text'">
+            <Button variant="ghost" size="icon" class="h-6 w-6" :aria-label="t('grid.sortBuilderAddRule')" @click="emit('add')"><Plus class="h-3.5 w-3.5" /></Button>
+            <Button variant="ghost" size="icon" class="h-6 w-6" :aria-label="t('common.remove')" @click="emit('remove', rule.id)"><X class="h-3.5 w-3.5" /></Button>
+          </template>
+          <LightTooltip v-else :text="t('common.remove')" side="top" :side-offset="4">
+            <Button variant="ghost" size="icon" class="h-7 w-7" :aria-label="t('common.remove')" @click="emit('remove', rule.id)"><X class="h-3.5 w-3.5" /></Button>
+          </LightTooltip>
+        </div>
+      </div>
+    </div>
+    <div v-else class="rounded-md border border-dashed px-3 py-3 text-center text-xs text-muted-foreground">{{ t("grid.sortBuilderEmpty") }}</div>
+
+    <div v-if="props.showFooter !== false" class="flex justify-between gap-2">
+      <Button variant="ghost" size="sm" class="h-7 px-2 text-xs" :disabled="!columns.length" @click="emit('add')"><Plus class="mr-1 h-3.5 w-3.5" />{{ t("grid.sortBuilderAddRule") }}</Button>
+      <div class="flex gap-1.5">
+        <Button variant="ghost" size="sm" class="h-7 px-2 text-xs" @click="emit('reset')">{{ t("grid.sortBuilderReset") }}</Button>
+        <Button size="sm" class="h-7 px-3 text-xs" :disabled="busy || hasIncompleteActiveRule" @click="emit('apply')">{{ t("grid.sortBuilderApply") }}</Button>
+      </div>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+</template>
+
+<style scoped>
+.sort-rule-row[data-dragging] {
+  opacity: 0.45;
+}
+
+.sort-rule-row[data-drop-position]::before {
+  position: absolute;
+  z-index: 10;
+  right: 0;
+  left: 0;
+  height: 2px;
+  background: var(--primary);
+  content: "";
+  pointer-events: none;
+}
+
+.sort-rule-row[data-drop-position="before"]::before {
+  top: -1px;
+}
+
+.sort-rule-row[data-drop-position="after"]::before {
+  bottom: -1px;
+}
+</style>
diff --git a/apps/desktop/src/components/grid/DataGridSortWorkbench.vue b/apps/desktop/src/components/grid/DataGridSortWorkbench.vue
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..8ebc80bbdc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apps/desktop/src/components/grid/DataGridSortWorkbench.vue
@@ -0,0 +1,91 @@
+<script setup lang="ts">
+import { computed, nextTick, ref, watch } from "vue";
+import { Copy, Plus, RotateCcw, Trash2 } from "@lucide/vue";
+import { useI18n } from "vue-i18n";
+import { Button } from "@/components/ui/button";
+import DataGridSortBuilder from "@/components/grid/DataGridSortBuilder.vue";
+import type { DataGridStructuredSortRule } from "@/composables/useDataGridSortBuilder";
+
+const props = defineProps<{
+  sqlPreview: string;
+  rules: readonly DataGridStructuredSortRule[];
+  columns: readonly string[];
+  commentByColumn?: ReadonlyMap<string, string>;
+  busy?: boolean;
+  applyOnlyBusy?: boolean;
+}>();
+
+const emit = defineEmits<{
+  addRule: [];
+  removeRule: [id: string];
+  moveRule: [id: string, targetIndex: number];
+  updateRule: [id: string, patch: Partial<DataGridStructuredSortRule>];
+  applyOnly: [id: string];
+  apply: [];
+  reset: [];
+  clear: [];
+  copySql: [];
+}>();
+
+const { t } = useI18n();
+const rulesScrollerRef = ref<HTMLElement>();
+const previewText = computed(() => props.sqlPreview || t("grid.sortSqlPreviewEmpty"));
+
+watch(
+  () => props.rules.length,
+  async (ruleCount, previousRuleCount) => {
+    if (ruleCount <= previousRuleCount) return;
+    await nextTick();
+    window.requestAnimationFrame(() => {
+      const scroller = rulesScrollerRef.value;
+      if (scroller) scroller.scrollTop = scroller.scrollHeight;
+    });
+  },
+);
+</script>
+
+<template>
+  <section data-grid-sort-workbench class="shrink-0 border-b bg-muted/10 text-foreground">
+    <div ref="rulesScrollerRef" data-sort-rules-scroll class="sort-rules-scroll min-h-11 overflow-auto px-3 py-2">
+      <DataGridSortBuilder
+        class="min-w-[460px]"
+        :rules="rules"
+        :columns="columns"
+        :comment-by-column="commentByColumn"
+        :busy="busy"
+        :apply-only-busy="applyOnlyBusy"
+        layout="panel"
+        :show-header="false"
+        :show-footer="false"
+        @add="emit('addRule')"
+        @remove="emit('removeRule', $event)"
+        @move="(id, targetIndex) => emit('moveRule', id, targetIndex)"
+        @update-rule="(id, patch) => emit('updateRule', id, patch)"
+        @apply-only="emit('applyOnly', $event)"
+        @reset="emit('reset')"
+        @clear="emit('clear')"
+        @apply="emit('apply')"
+      />
+    </div>
+
+    <footer class="flex min-w-0 items-center gap-2 border-t bg-background/35 px-2 py-1">
+      <Button variant="ghost" size="sm" class="h-7 shrink-0 px-2 text-xs" :disabled="!columns.length" @click="emit('addRule')"><Plus class="mr-1 h-3.5 w-3.5" />{{ t("grid.sortBuilderAddRule") }}</Button>
+      <div class="flex min-w-0 flex-1 items-center gap-1.5 border-l pl-2">
+        <span class="shrink-0 text-[11px] font-medium text-muted-foreground">{{ t("grid.sortSqlPreview") }}</span>
+        <code class="min-w-0 flex-1 truncate rounded bg-muted/35 px-1.5 py-0.5 text-[11px]" :class="sqlPreview ? 'text-foreground' : 'text-muted-foreground'" :title="previewText">{{ previewText }}</code>
+        <Button variant="ghost" size="icon" class="h-6 w-6 shrink-0" :disabled="!sqlPreview" :aria-label="t('grid.copySortSql')" @click="emit('copySql')"><Copy class="h-3 w-3" /></Button>
+      </div>
+      <Button variant="outline" size="sm" class="h-7 shrink-0 px-2 text-xs" @click="emit('reset')"><RotateCcw class="mr-1 h-3.5 w-3.5" />{{ t("grid.sortBuilderReset") }}</Button>
+      <Button variant="ghost" size="sm" class="h-7 shrink-0 px-2 text-xs text-muted-foreground hover:text-destructive" :disabled="busy" @click="emit('clear')"><Trash2 class="mr-1 h-3.5 w-3.5" />{{ t("grid.clearSort") }}</Button>
+      <Button size="sm" class="h-7 shrink-0 px-3 text-xs" :disabled="busy" @click="emit('apply')">{{ t("grid.sortBuilderApply") }}</Button>
+    </footer>
+  </section>
+</template>
+
+<style scoped>
+.sort-rules-scroll {
+  max-height: clamp(104px, 27vh, 160px);
+  overscroll-behavior: contain;
+  scrollbar-gutter: stable;
+}
+</style>
diff --git a/apps/desktop/src/components/grid/DataGridTextSortWorkbench.vue b/apps/desktop/src/components/grid/DataGridTextSortWorkbench.vue
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a0cdcfac96
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apps/desktop/src/components/grid/DataGridTextSortWorkbench.vue
@@ -0,0 +1,181 @@
+<script setup lang="ts">
+import { computed, nextTick, onBeforeUnmount, ref, watch } from "vue";
+import { Copy, Plus, RotateCcw, Trash2 } from "@lucide/vue";
+import { useI18n } from "vue-i18n";
+import { Button } from "@/components/ui/button";
+import { Tooltip, TooltipContent, TooltipTrigger } from "@/components/ui/tooltip";
+import DataGridSortBuilder from "@/components/grid/DataGridSortBuilder.vue";
+import type { DataGridStructuredSortRule } from "@/composables/useDataGridSortBuilder";
+import { DATA_GRID_TEXT_FILTER_PANEL_HEIGHT_MAX, DATA_GRID_TEXT_FILTER_PANEL_HEIGHT_MIN } from "@/lib/dataGrid/dataGridTextFilterPanel";
+
+const props = defineProps<{
+  height: number;
+  sqlPreview: string;
+  rules: readonly DataGridStructuredSortRule[];
+  columns: readonly string[];
+  commentByColumn?: ReadonlyMap<string, string>;
+  busy?: boolean;
+  applyOnlyBusy?: boolean;
+}>();
+
+const emit = defineEmits<{
+  "update:height": [height: number];
+  addRule: [];
+  removeRule: [id: string];
+  moveRule: [id: string, targetIndex: number];
+  updateRule: [id: string, patch: Partial<DataGridStructuredSortRule>];
+  applyOnly: [id: string];
+  apply: [];
+  reset: [];
+  clear: [];
+  copySql: [];
+}>();
+
+const { t } = useI18n();
+const rulesScrollerRef = ref<HTMLElement>();
+const panelHeight = ref(clampHeight(props.height));
+const previewText = computed(() => props.sqlPreview || t("grid.sortSqlPreviewEmpty"));
+const panelStyle = computed(() => ({ height: `${panelHeight.value}px`, maxHeight: "55vh" }));
+let resizeStart: { y: number; height: number } | undefined;
+
+function clampHeight(height: number) {
+  return Math.min(DATA_GRID_TEXT_FILTER_PANEL_HEIGHT_MAX, Math.max(DATA_GRID_TEXT_FILTER_PANEL_HEIGHT_MIN, Math.round(height)));
+}
+
+function restoreDocumentInteraction() {
+  document.body.style.cursor = "";
+  document.body.style.userSelect = "";
+}
+
+function stopResizeListeners() {
+  window.removeEventListener("pointermove", resizePanel);
+  window.removeEventListener("pointerup", finishResize);
+  window.removeEventListener("pointercancel", finishResize);
+}
+
+function startResize(event: PointerEvent) {
+  if (event.button !== 0) return;
+  event.preventDefault();
+  resizeStart = { y: event.clientY, height: panelHeight.value };
+  document.body.style.cursor = "row-resize";
+  document.body.style.userSelect = "none";
+  window.addEventListener("pointermove", resizePanel);
+  window.addEventListener("pointerup", finishResize);
+  window.addEventListener("pointercancel", finishResize);
+}
+
+function resizePanel(event: PointerEvent) {
+  if (!resizeStart) return;
+  panelHeight.value = clampHeight(resizeStart.height + event.clientY - resizeStart.y);
+}
+
+function finishResize() {
+  if (!resizeStart) return;
+  resizeStart = undefined;
+  stopResizeListeners();
+  restoreDocumentInteraction();
+  emit("update:height", panelHeight.value);
+}
+
+function resizePanelByKeyboard(event: KeyboardEvent) {
+  const step = event.shiftKey ? 24 : 8;
+  let nextHeight = panelHeight.value;
+  if (event.key === "ArrowUp") nextHeight -= step;
+  else if (event.key === "ArrowDown") nextHeight += step;
+  else if (event.key === "Home") nextHeight = DATA_GRID_TEXT_FILTER_PANEL_HEIGHT_MIN;
+  else if (event.key === "End") nextHeight = DATA_GRID_TEXT_FILTER_PANEL_HEIGHT_MAX;
+  else return;
+  event.preventDefault();
+  panelHeight.value = clampHeight(nextHeight);
+  emit("update:height", panelHeight.value);
+}
+
+function addRuleFromBlankArea(event: KeyboardEvent) {
+  if (event.target !== event.currentTarget || event.key !== "Enter" || !event.shiftKey || event.altKey || event.ctrlKey || event.metaKey) return;
+  event.preventDefault();
+  event.stopPropagation();
+  if (props.columns.length) emit("addRule");
+}
+
+onBeforeUnmount(() => {
+  stopResizeListeners();
+  restoreDocumentInteraction();
+});
+
+watch(
+  () => props.height,
+  (height) => {
+    if (!resizeStart) panelHeight.value = clampHeight(height);
+  },
+);
+
+watch(
+  () => props.rules.length,
+  async (ruleCount, previousRuleCount) => {
+    if (ruleCount <= previousRuleCount) return;
+    await nextTick();
+    window.requestAnimationFrame(() => {
+      const scroller = rulesScrollerRef.value;
+      if (scroller) scroller.scrollTop = scroller.scrollHeight;
+    });
+  },
+);
+</script>
+
+<template>
+  <section data-grid-text-sort-workbench class="relative flex shrink-0 flex-col border-b bg-muted/10 text-foreground" :style="panelStyle">
+    <div ref="rulesScrollerRef" data-sort-rules-scroll tabindex="0" :aria-label="t('grid.sortTextView')" class="min-h-0 flex-1 overflow-auto px-2 py-1 outline-none focus-visible:ring-1 focus-visible:ring-inset focus-visible:ring-primary/40" @keydown="addRuleFromBlankArea">
+      <DataGridSortBuilder
+        class="min-w-[460px]"
+        :rules="rules"
+        :columns="columns"
+        :comment-by-column="commentByColumn"
+        :busy="busy"
+        :apply-only-busy="applyOnlyBusy"
+        layout="text"
+        :show-header="false"
+        :show-footer="false"
+        @add="emit('addRule')"
+        @remove="emit('removeRule', $event)"
+        @move="(id, targetIndex) => emit('moveRule', id, targetIndex)"
+        @update-rule="(id, patch) => emit('updateRule', id, patch)"
+        @apply-only="emit('applyOnly', $event)"
+        @reset="emit('reset')"
+        @clear="emit('clear')"
+        @apply="emit('apply')"
+      />
+    </div>
+
+    <footer class="flex h-8 min-w-0 shrink-0 items-center gap-1.5 border-t bg-background/45 px-2">
+      <Tooltip :delay-duration="800">
+        <TooltipTrigger as-child>
+          <Button variant="ghost" size="sm" class="h-6 shrink-0 px-1.5 text-xs" :disabled="!columns.length" @click="emit('addRule')"><Plus class="mr-1 h-3.5 w-3.5" />{{ t("grid.sortBuilderAddRule") }}</Button>
+        </TooltipTrigger>
+        <TooltipContent side="top">Shift+Enter</TooltipContent>
+      </Tooltip>
+      <div class="flex min-w-0 flex-1 items-center gap-1.5 border-l pl-2">
+        <span class="shrink-0 text-[11px] text-muted-foreground">{{ t("grid.sortSqlPreview") }}</span>
+        <code class="min-w-0 flex-1 truncate px-1 text-[11px]" :class="sqlPreview ? 'text-foreground' : 'text-muted-foreground'" :title="previewText">{{ previewText }}</code>
+        <Button variant="ghost" size="icon" class="h-6 w-6 shrink-0" :disabled="!sqlPreview" :aria-label="t('grid.copySortSql')" @click="emit('copySql')"><Copy class="h-3 w-3" /></Button>
+      </div>
+      <Button variant="outline" size="sm" class="h-6 shrink-0 px-1.5 text-xs" @click="emit('reset')"><RotateCcw class="mr-1 h-3 w-3" />{{ t("grid.sortBuilderReset") }}</Button>
+      <Button variant="ghost" size="sm" class="h-6 shrink-0 px-1.5 text-xs text-muted-foreground hover:text-destructive" :disabled="busy" @click="emit('clear')"><Trash2 class="mr-1 h-3 w-3" />{{ t("grid.clearSort") }}</Button>
+      <Button size="sm" class="h-6 shrink-0 px-2.5 text-xs" :disabled="busy" @click="emit('apply')">{{ t("grid.sortBuilderApply") }}</Button>
+    </footer>
+
+    <div
+      role="separator"
+      tabindex="0"
+      aria-orientation="horizontal"
+      :aria-label="t('grid.resizeSortPanel')"
+      :aria-valuemin="DATA_GRID_TEXT_FILTER_PANEL_HEIGHT_MIN"
+      :aria-valuemax="DATA_GRID_TEXT_FILTER_PANEL_HEIGHT_MAX"
+      :aria-valuenow="panelHeight"
+      class="group absolute inset-x-0 -bottom-0.5 z-10 flex h-1.5 cursor-row-resize items-center justify-center outline-none"
+      @keydown="resizePanelByKeyboard"
+      @pointerdown="startResize"
+    >
+      <span class="h-px w-10 bg-border transition-colors group-hover:bg-primary group-focus:bg-primary" />
+    </div>
+  </section>
+</template>
diff --git a/apps/desktop/src/components/grid/__tests__/DataGridFilterEditorState.spec.ts b/apps/desktop/src/components/grid/__tests__/DataGridFilterEditorState.spec.ts
index a216f40e2e..c9dba148fe 100644
--- a/apps/desktop/src/components/grid/__tests__/DataGridFilterEditorState.spec.ts
+++ b/apps/desktop/src/components/grid/__tests__/DataGridFilterEditorState.spec.ts
@@ -79,6 +79,16 @@ function filterToggle(host: HTMLElement): HTMLButtonElement {
   return toggle;
 }
 
+function sortPanelSelector(view: DataGridFilterEditorView): string {
+  return view === "conditions" ? "[data-grid-sort-workbench]" : "[data-grid-text-sort-workbench]";
+}
+
+function sortToggle(host: HTMLElement): HTMLButtonElement {
+  const toggle = host.querySelector<HTMLButtonElement>('button[aria-label="Sort"][aria-expanded]');
+  if (!toggle) throw new Error("Sort editor toggle not found");
+  return toggle;
+}
+
 function applyButton(host: HTMLElement, view: DataGridFilterEditorView): HTMLButtonElement {
   const panel = host.querySelector(panelSelector(view));
   const button = [...(panel?.querySelectorAll<HTMLButtonElement>("button") ?? [])].find((candidate) => candidate.textContent?.trim() === "Apply Filter");
@@ -183,6 +193,25 @@ describe.each(["conditions", "text"] as const)("DataGrid %s filter editor state"
     await settle();
     expect(host.querySelector(panelSelector(view))).not.toBeNull();
   });
+
+  it("opens the matching sort workbench and keeps it mutually exclusive with the filter workbench", async () => {
+    const { host } = mountGrid(view, true);
+    await settle();
+
+    expect(host.querySelector(panelSelector(view))).not.toBeNull();
+    expect(host.querySelector(sortPanelSelector(view))).toBeNull();
+
+    sortToggle(host).click();
+    await settle();
+    expect(host.querySelector(panelSelector(view))).toBeNull();
+    expect(host.querySelector(sortPanelSelector(view))).not.toBeNull();
+    expect(sortToggle(host).getAttribute("aria-expanded")).toBe("true");
+
+    filterToggle(host).click();
+    await settle();
+    expect(host.querySelector(sortPanelSelector(view))).toBeNull();
+    expect(host.querySelector(panelSelector(view))).not.toBeNull();
+  });
 });
 
 describe("DataGrid quick filter editor state", () => {
diff --git a/apps/desktop/src/components/grid/__tests__/DataGridSurfaces.spec.ts b/apps/desktop/src/components/grid/__tests__/DataGridSurfaces.spec.ts
index b5f570539e..80e2aa734e 100644
--- a/apps/desktop/src/components/grid/__tests__/DataGridSurfaces.spec.ts
+++ b/apps/desktop/src/components/grid/__tests__/DataGridSurfaces.spec.ts
@@ -110,6 +110,9 @@ import DataGridTextFilterWorkbench from "@/components/grid/DataGridTextFilterWor
 import DataGridPagination from "@/components/grid/DataGridPagination.vue";
 import DataGridQueryControls from "@/components/grid/DataGridQueryControls.vue";
 import DataGridSearchBar from "@/components/grid/DataGridSearchBar.vue";
+import DataGridSortBuilder from "@/components/grid/DataGridSortBuilder.vue";
+import DataGridSortWorkbench from "@/components/grid/DataGridSortWorkbench.vue";
+import DataGridTextSortWorkbench from "@/components/grid/DataGridTextSortWorkbench.vue";
 
 const cellDetailPanelSource = readFileSync("apps/desktop/src/components/grid/DataGridCellDetailPanel.vue", "utf8");
 const cellDetailDialogSource = readFileSync("apps/desktop/src/components/grid/DataGridCellDetailDialog.vue", "utf8");
@@ -1022,6 +1025,220 @@ describe("DataGridFilterBuilder", () => {
   });
 });
 
+describe("DataGridSortBuilder", () => {
+  const rules = [
+    { id: "r1", columnName: "id", direction: "asc" as const },
+    { id: "r2", columnName: "created_at", direction: "desc" as const, disabled: true },
+  ];
+
+  it("edits, reorders, disables, removes, adds, resets, and applies sort rules", () => {
+    const add = vi.fn();
+    const remove = vi.fn();
+    const move = vi.fn();
+    const updateRule = vi.fn();
+    const applyOnly = vi.fn();
+    const reset = vi.fn();
+    const clear = vi.fn();
+    const apply = vi.fn();
+    const mounted = mountComponent(DataGridSortBuilder, {
+      rules,
+      columns: ["id", "created_at", "name"],
+      onAdd: add,
+      onRemove: remove,
+      onMove: move,
+      onUpdateRule: updateRule,
+      onApplyOnly: applyOnly,
+      onReset: reset,
+      onClear: clear,
+      onApply: apply,
+    });
+
+    const selects = findAll(mounted.root, (node) => node.props["data-stub"] === "Select");
+    const updateColumn = selects[0]!.props["onUpdate:modelValue"];
+    for (const callback of Array.isArray(updateColumn) ? updateColumn : [updateColumn]) callback("name");
+    expect(updateRule).toHaveBeenCalledWith("r1", { columnName: "name" });
+
+    dispatch(
+      findOne(mounted.root, (node) => node.type === "button" && node.props["aria-label"] === "grid.sortBuilderReorderRule"),
+      "keydown",
+      { key: "ArrowDown" },
+    );
+    dispatch(
+      findOne(mounted.root, (node) => node.type === "button" && node.props["aria-label"] === "grid.sortBuilderApplyOnly"),
+      "click",
+    );
+    dispatch(
+      findOne(mounted.root, (node) => node.type === "button" && node.props["aria-label"] === "grid.sortBuilderDisableRule"),
+      "click",
+    );
+    dispatch(
+      findOne(mounted.root, (node) => node.type === "button" && node.props["aria-label"] === "common.remove"),
+      "click",
+    );
+    dispatch(
+      findOne(mounted.root, (node) => node.type === "button" && hostText(node) === "grid.sortBuilderAddRule"),
+      "click",
+    );
+    dispatch(
+      findOne(mounted.root, (node) => node.type === "button" && hostText(node) === "grid.sortBuilderReset"),
+      "click",
+    );
+    dispatch(
+      findOne(mounted.root, (node) => node.type === "button" && hostText(node) === "grid.clearSort"),
+      "click",
+    );
+    dispatch(
+      findOne(mounted.root, (node) => node.type === "button" && hostText(node) === "grid.sortBuilderApply"),
+      "click",
+    );
+
+    expect(move).toHaveBeenCalledWith("r1", 1);
+    expect(applyOnly).toHaveBeenCalledWith("r1");
+    expect(updateRule).toHaveBeenCalledWith("r1", { disabled: true });
+    expect(remove).toHaveBeenCalledWith("r1");
+    expect(add).toHaveBeenCalledOnce();
+    expect(reset).toHaveBeenCalledOnce();
+    expect(clear).toHaveBeenCalledOnce();
+    expect(apply).toHaveBeenCalledOnce();
+  });
+
+  it("filters fields from the searchable selector", async () => {
+    const mounted = mountComponent(DataGridSortBuilder, {
+      rules: [{ id: "r1", columnName: "", direction: "asc" }],
+      columns: ["id", "created_at", "display_name"],
+    });
+
+    const searchInput = findOne(mounted.root, (node) => node.type === "input" && node.props.placeholder === "grid.filterBuilderSearchColumns");
+    dispatch(searchInput, "input", { target: { value: "created" } });
+    await nextTick();
+
+    const options = findAll(mounted.root, (node) => node.props["data-stub"] === "SelectItem").map(hostText);
+    expect(options).toContain("created_at");
+    expect(options).not.toContain("display_name");
+  });
+
+  it("matches fields by column comment from the searchable selector", async () => {
+    const mounted = mountComponent(DataGridSortBuilder, {
+      rules: [{ id: "r1", columnName: "", direction: "asc" }],
+      columns: ["customer_name", "created_at"],
+      commentByColumn: new Map([["customer_name", "客户名称 / Customer Name"]]),
+    });
+
+    const searchInput = findOne(mounted.root, (node) => node.type === "input" && node.props.placeholder === "grid.filterBuilderSearchColumns");
+    dispatch(searchInput, "input", { target: { value: "客户" } });
+    await nextTick();
+
+    const options = findAll(mounted.root, (node) => node.props["data-stub"] === "SelectItem").map(hostText);
+    expect(options).toContain("customer_name");
+    expect(options).not.toContain("created_at");
+  });
+
+  it("keeps an already selected field available for another sort rule", () => {
+    const mounted = mountComponent(DataGridSortBuilder, {
+      rules: [
+        { id: "r1", columnName: "name", direction: "asc" },
+        { id: "r2", columnName: "", direction: "desc" },
+      ],
+      columns: ["name"],
+    });
+
+    const nameOptions = findAll(mounted.root, (node) => node.props["data-stub"] === "SelectItem" && hostText(node) === "name");
+    expect(nameOptions).toHaveLength(2);
+    expect(nameOptions.every((option) => option.props.disabled !== true)).toBe(true);
+
+    const addButton = findOne(mounted.root, (node) => node.type === "button" && hostText(node) === "grid.sortBuilderAddRule");
+    expect(addButton.props.disabled).not.toBe(true);
+  });
+});
+
+describe("DataGrid sort workbenches", () => {
+  const rules = [
+    { id: "r1", columnName: "tenant_id", direction: "asc" as const },
+    { id: "r2", columnName: "created_at", direction: "desc" as const },
+  ];
+
+  it("renders the conditions layout with SQL preview and explicit actions", () => {
+    const addRule = vi.fn();
+    const apply = vi.fn();
+    const reset = vi.fn();
+    const clear = vi.fn();
+    const copySql = vi.fn();
+    const mounted = mountComponent(DataGridSortWorkbench, {
+      sqlPreview: "ORDER BY tenant_id ASC, created_at DESC",
+      rules,
+      columns: ["id", "tenant_id", "created_at"],
+      onAddRule: addRule,
+      onApply: apply,
+      onReset: reset,
+      onClear: clear,
+      onCopySql: copySql,
+    });
+
+    expect(findOne(mounted.root, (node) => node.props["data-grid-sort-workbench"] === "")).toBeTruthy();
+    expect(hostText(mounted.root)).toContain("ORDER BY tenant_id ASC, created_at DESC");
+    dispatch(
+      findOne(mounted.root, (node) => node.props["aria-label"] === "grid.copySortSql"),
+      "click",
+    );
+    dispatch(
+      findOne(mounted.root, (node) => node.type === "button" && hostText(node) === "grid.sortBuilderAddRule"),
+      "click",
+    );
+    dispatch(
+      findOne(mounted.root, (node) => node.type === "button" && hostText(node) === "grid.sortBuilderReset"),
+      "click",
+    );
+    dispatch(
+      findOne(mounted.root, (node) => node.type === "button" && hostText(node) === "grid.clearSort"),
+      "click",
+    );
+    dispatch(
+      findOne(mounted.root, (node) => node.type === "button" && hostText(node) === "grid.sortBuilderApply"),
+      "click",
+    );
+
+    expect(copySql).toHaveBeenCalledOnce();
+    expect(addRule).toHaveBeenCalledOnce();
+    expect(reset).toHaveBeenCalledOnce();
+    expect(clear).toHaveBeenCalledOnce();
+    expect(apply).toHaveBeenCalledOnce();
+  });
+
+  it("renders the compact resizable text layout", async () => {
+    const addRule = vi.fn();
+    const updateRule = vi.fn();
+    const updateHeight = vi.fn();
+    const mounted = mountComponent(DataGridTextSortWorkbench, {
+      height: 168,
+      sqlPreview: "ORDER BY tenant_id ASC, created_at DESC",
+      rules,
+      columns: ["id", "tenant_id", "created_at"],
+      onAddRule: addRule,
+      onUpdateRule: updateRule,
+      "onUpdate:height": updateHeight,
+    });
+
+    const panel = findOne(mounted.root, (node) => node.props["data-grid-text-sort-workbench"] === "");
+    const rulesArea = findOne(mounted.root, (node) => node.props["data-sort-rules-scroll"] === "") as any;
+    const resizeHandle = findOne(mounted.root, (node) => node.props.role === "separator");
+    expect(panel.props.style).toEqual({ height: "168px", maxHeight: "55vh" });
+    expect(findAll(mounted.root, (node) => node.props.role === "checkbox")).toHaveLength(2);
+
+    dispatch(
+      findOne(mounted.root, (node) => node.props.role === "checkbox"),
+      "click",
+    );
+    expect(updateRule).toHaveBeenCalledWith("r1", { disabled: true });
+    const addShortcut = dispatch(rulesArea, "keydown", { key: "Enter", shiftKey: true });
+    expect(addShortcut.defaultPrevented).toBe(true);
+    expect(addRule).toHaveBeenCalledOnce();
+
+    dispatch(resizeHandle, "keydown", { key: "ArrowDown" });
+    await nextTick();
+    expect(updateHeight).toHaveBeenCalledWith(176);
+  });
+});
+
 describe("DataGridQueryControls", () => {
   it("opens column search when the filter button creates the first rule", async () => {
     let mounted: ReturnType<typeof mountComponent>;
@@ -1264,6 +1481,7 @@ describe("DataGridQueryControls", () => {
       filterEditorView: "quick",
       filterButtonActive: false,
       filterButtonCount: 0,
+      sortButtonCount: 2,
       hasLocalColumnFilters: false,
       localFilterCount: 0,
       localFilterSummaries: [],
@@ -1280,14 +1498,16 @@ describe("DataGridQueryControls", () => {
 
     expect(hostText(mounted.root)).not.toContain("grid.filterQuickView");
     expect(hostText(mounted.root)).not.toContain("grid.filterConditionView");
-    const quickFilterButtons = findAll(mounted.root, (node) => node.type === "button" && String(node.props.class).includes("-translate-x-1"));
+    const quickFilterButtons = findAll(mounted.root, (node) => node.type === "button" && node.props["aria-label"] === "grid.filter");
     expect(quickFilterButtons).toHaveLength(1);
     expect(quickFilterButtons[0].props["aria-label"]).toBe("grid.filter");
+    const sortButton = findOne(mounted.root, (node) => node.type === "button" && node.props["aria-label"] === "grid.sortBuilderTitle");
+    expect(hostText(sortButton)).toContain("2");
 
     await mounted.setProps({ filterEditorView: "conditions", filterBuilderOpen: false });
     await nextTick();
     expect(findOne(mounted.root, (node) => node.type === "textarea" && node.props.placeholder === "WHERE")).toBeTruthy();
-    const filterButtons = findAll(mounted.root, (node) => node.type === "button" && String(node.props.class).includes("-translate-x-1"));
+    const filterButtons = findAll(mounted.root, (node) => node.type === "button" && node.props["aria-label"] === "grid.filter");
     expect(filterButtons).toHaveLength(1);
     expect(filterButtons[0].props["aria-label"]).toBe("grid.filter");
     expect(filterButtons[0].props["aria-expanded"]).toBe(false);
diff --git a/apps/desktop/src/components/grid/__tests__/DataGridTransposeSort.spec.ts b/apps/desktop/src/components/grid/__tests__/DataGridTransposeSort.spec.ts
index 1e8a9eed1b..3b9b7003cc 100644
--- a/apps/desktop/src/components/grid/__tests__/DataGridTransposeSort.spec.ts
+++ b/apps/desktop/src/components/grid/__tests__/DataGridTransposeSort.spec.ts
@@ -194,13 +194,13 @@ describe("DataGrid transpose sorting", () => {
     expect(transposeRecordHeader(host, 2).classList.contains("transpose-record-header-active")).toBe(true);
 
     await selectTransposeSort(host, 1, "grid.sortDatabaseDescending");
-    expect(onSort).toHaveBeenLastCalledWith("score", 1, "desc", undefined, "database");
+    expect(onSort).toHaveBeenLastCalledWith("score", 1, "desc", undefined, "database", "`score` DESC");
     expect(transposeValues(host, 1)).toEqual(["10", "2", "NULL"]);
     expect(transposeRecordHeader(host, 0).classList.contains("transpose-record-header-selected")).toBe(true);
     expect(transposeRecordHeader(host, 2).classList.contains("transpose-record-header-active")).toBe(true);
 
     await selectTransposeSort(host, 1, "grid.clearSort");
-    expect(onSort).toHaveBeenLastCalledWith("score", 1, null, undefined, "database");
+    expect(onSort).toHaveBeenLastCalledWith("score", 1, null, undefined, "database", undefined);
     expect(transposeValues(host, 1)).toEqual(["10", "NULL", "2"]);
     expect(transposeRecordHeader(host, 0).classList.contains("transpose-record-header-selected")).toBe(true);
     expect(transposeRecordHeader(host, 1).classList.contains("transpose-record-header-active")).toBe(true);
diff --git a/apps/desktop/src/components/grid/__tests__/dataGridSortBuilderPointerDrag.spec.ts b/apps/desktop/src/components/grid/__tests__/dataGridSortBuilderPointerDrag.spec.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..aac49c990b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apps/desktop/src/components/grid/__tests__/dataGridSortBuilderPointerDrag.spec.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,144 @@
+// @vitest-environment happy-dom
+
+import { createApp, defineComponent, h, nextTick, type App, type Component } from "vue";
+import { afterEach, describe, expect, it, vi } from "vitest";
+import type { DataGridStructuredSortRule } from "@/composables/useDataGridSortBuilder";
+
+vi.mock("vue-i18n", () => ({ useI18n: () => ({ t: (key: string) => key }) }));
+vi.mock("@lucide/vue", () => {
+  const icon = defineComponent({ setup: () => () => h("span") });
+  return { ArrowDown: icon, ArrowUp: icon, Check: icon, Eye: icon, EyeOff: icon, Focus: icon, GripVertical: icon, Plus: icon, Search: icon, Trash2: icon, X: icon };
+});
+
+function passthrough(tag = "div") {
+  return defineComponent({
+    inheritAttrs: false,
+    setup(_props, { attrs, slots }) {
+      return () => h(tag, attrs, [slots.default?.(), slots.header?.()]);
+    },
+  });
+}
+
+vi.mock("@/components/ui/button", () => ({ Button: passthrough("button") }));
+vi.mock("@/components/ui/select", () => ({ Select: passthrough(), SelectContent: passthrough(), SelectItem: passthrough(), SelectTrigger: passthrough("button"), SelectValue: passthrough("span") }));
+vi.mock("@/components/ui/LightTooltip.vue", () => ({ default: passthrough() }));
+
+import DataGridSortBuilder from "../DataGridSortBuilder.vue";
+
+const mountedApps: Array<{ app: App; host: HTMLElement }> = [];
+
+function rules(count: number): DataGridStructuredSortRule[] {
+  return Array.from({ length: count }, (_, index) => ({ id: `r${index + 1}`, columnName: `column_${index + 1}`, direction: index % 2 ? "desc" : "asc" }));
+}
+
+async function mountBuilder(ruleCount = 3) {
+  const move = vi.fn();
+  const host = document.createElement("div");
+  document.body.append(host);
+  const wrapper: Component = defineComponent({
+    setup() {
+      const items = rules(ruleCount);
+      return () => h("div", { "data-sort-rules-scroll": "" }, [h(DataGridSortBuilder, { rules: items, columns: items.map((rule) => rule.columnName), onMove: move })]);
+    },
+  });
+  const app = createApp(wrapper);
+  app.mount(host);
+  mountedApps.push({ app, host });
+  await nextTick();
+  return { host, move };
+}
+
+function domRect(top: number, bottom: number, width: number): DOMRect {
+  return { left: 0, right: width, top, bottom, width, height: bottom - top, x: 0, y: top, toJSON: () => ({}) };
+}
+
+function configureGeometry(host: HTMLElement, scrollerHeight = 120) {
+  const scroller = host.querySelector<HTMLElement>("[data-sort-rules-scroll]")!;
+  let scrollTop = 0;
+  Object.defineProperties(scroller, {
+    clientHeight: { configurable: true, value: scrollerHeight },
+    scrollHeight: { configurable: true, value: 400 },
+    scrollTop: {
+      configurable: true,
+      get: () => scrollTop,
+      set: (value: number) => {
+        scrollTop = Math.max(0, Math.min(400 - scrollerHeight, value));
+      },
+    },
+  });
+  scroller.getBoundingClientRect = () => domRect(0, scrollerHeight, 400);
+  host.querySelectorAll<HTMLElement>(".sort-rule-row").forEach((row, index) => {
+    row.getBoundingClientRect = () => domRect(index * 38 - scrollTop, index * 38 + 28 - scrollTop, 400);
+  });
+  return scroller;
+}
+
+function dispatchPointer(target: EventTarget, type: string, options: { pointerId?: number; clientX?: number; clientY: number }) {
+  target.dispatchEvent(new PointerEvent(type, { bubbles: true, cancelable: true, button: 0, pointerId: options.pointerId ?? 1, clientX: options.clientX ?? 20, clientY: options.clientY }));
+}
+
+afterEach(() => {
+  for (const { app, host } of mountedApps.splice(0)) {
+    app.unmount();
+    host.remove();
+  }
+  document.body.innerHTML = "";
+  document.body.style.userSelect = "";
+  document.body.style.cursor = "";
+  vi.restoreAllMocks();
+  vi.unstubAllGlobals();
+});
+
+describe("DataGridSortBuilder pointer dragging", () => {
+  it("reorders sort fields by dragging the handle", async () => {
+    const { host, move } = await mountBuilder();
+    configureGeometry(host);
+    const handles = host.querySelectorAll<HTMLButtonElement>("[data-sort-drag-handle]");
+    expect(handles.length).toBeGreaterThan(0);
+    const handle = handles[0]!;
+
+    dispatchPointer(handle, "pointerdown", { clientY: 14 });
+    dispatchPointer(window, "pointermove", { clientY: 100 });
+    await nextTick();
+
+    expect(document.body.style.userSelect).toBe("none");
+    expect(host.querySelector('[data-drop-position="after"]')).not.toBeNull();
+    dispatchPointer(window, "pointerup", { clientY: 100 });
+    expect(move).toHaveBeenCalledWith("r1", 2);
+    expect(document.body.style.userSelect).toBe("");
+  });
+
+  it("auto-scrolls a long sort rule list while dragging near the bottom", async () => {
+    const frames = new Map<number, FrameRequestCallback>();
+    let nextFrameId = 1;
+    vi.stubGlobal(
+      "requestAnimationFrame",
+      vi.fn((callback: FrameRequestCallback) => {
+        const frameId = nextFrameId++;
+        frames.set(frameId, callback);
+        return frameId;
+      }),
+    );
+    vi.stubGlobal(
+      "cancelAnimationFrame",
+      vi.fn((frameId: number) => frames.delete(frameId)),
+    );
+    const { host, move } = await mountBuilder(10);
+    const scroller = configureGeometry(host, 100);
+    const handles = host.querySelectorAll<HTMLButtonElement>("[data-sort-drag-handle]");
+    expect(handles.length).toBeGreaterThan(0);
+    const handle = handles[0]!;
+
+    dispatchPointer(handle, "pointerdown", { pointerId: 7, clientY: 14 });
+    dispatchPointer(window, "pointermove", { pointerId: 7, clientY: 96 });
+    for (let frameIndex = 0; frameIndex < 8; frameIndex += 1) {
+      const callbacks = [...frames.values()];
+      frames.clear();
+      callbacks.forEach((callback) => callback(frameIndex));
+    }
+
+    expect(scroller.scrollTop).toBeGreaterThan(0);
+    dispatchPointer(window, "pointercancel", { pointerId: 7, clientY: 96 });
+    expect(move).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+  });
+});
diff --git a/apps/desktop/src/components/layout/ContentArea.vue b/apps/desktop/src/components/layout/ContentArea.vue
index 9dd29fc9ca..c8fe2eb22f 100644
--- a/apps/desktop/src/components/layout/ContentArea.vue
+++ b/apps/desktop/src/components/layout/ContentArea.vue
@@ -2397,7 +2397,7 @@ defineExpose({
                 @local-column-filters-change="(filters: Record<string, string[]>) => queryStore.updateDataGridLocalColumnFilters(activeTab.id, filters)"
                 @reload="(sql?: string, searchText?: string, whereInput?: string, orderBy?: string, limit?: number, offset?: number, intent?: DataGridReloadIntent) => emit('reload', activeTab.id, sql, searchText, whereInput, orderBy, limit, offset, intent)"
                 @paginate="(offset: number, limit: number, whereInput?: string, orderBy?: string, appendResult?: boolean) => emit('paginate', activeTab.id, offset, limit, whereInput, orderBy, appendResult)"
-                @sort="(column: string, columnIndex: number, direction: 'asc' | 'desc' | null, whereInput?: string, mode?: DataGridSortMode) => emit('sort', activeTab.id, column, columnIndex, direction, whereInput, mode)"
+                @sort="(column: string, columnIndex: number, direction: 'asc' | 'desc' | null, whereInput?: string, mode?: DataGridSortMode, effectiveOrderBy?: string) => emit('sort', activeTab.id, column, columnIndex, direction, whereInput, mode, effectiveOrderBy)"
                 @change-query-timeout="(connectionId: string) => emit('openConnectionSettings', connectionId, 'advanced')"
               >
                 <template #result-toolbar-leading="{ compact }">
@@ -2831,10 +2831,11 @@ defineExpose({
           @cancel="emit('cancel', activeTab.id)"
           @update:where-input="(v: string) => (activeTab.whereInput = v)"
           @update:order-by-input="(v: string) => (activeTab.orderByInput = v)"
+          @update:structured-order-by-input="(v: string) => (activeTab.structuredOrderByInput = v || undefined)"
           @local-column-filters-change="(filters: Record<string, string[]>) => queryStore.updateDataGridLocalColumnFilters(activeTab.id, filters)"
           @reload="(sql?: string, searchText?: string, whereInput?: string, orderBy?: string, limit?: number, offset?: number, intent?: DataGridReloadIntent) => emit('reload', activeTab.id, sql, searchText, whereInput, orderBy, limit, offset, intent)"
           @paginate="(offset: number, limit: number, whereInput?: string, orderBy?: string, appendResult?: boolean) => emit('paginate', activeTab.id, offset, limit, whereInput, orderBy, appendResult)"
-          @sort="(column: string, columnIndex: number, direction: 'asc' | 'desc' | null, whereInput?: string, mode?: DataGridSortMode) => emit('sort', activeTab.id, column, columnIndex, direction, whereInput, mode)"
+          @sort="(column: string, columnIndex: number, direction: 'asc' | 'desc' | null, whereInput?: string, mode?: DataGridSortMode, effectiveOrderBy?: string) => emit('sort', activeTab.id, column, columnIndex, direction, whereInput, mode, effectiveOrderBy)"
           @change-query-timeout="(connectionId: string) => emit('openConnectionSettings', connectionId, 'advanced')"
         >
           <template v-if="activeTab.result && isQueryExecutionErrorResult(activeTab.result)" #error-actions="{ errorMessage }">
diff --git a/apps/desktop/src/components/layout/querySurfaces.ts b/apps/desktop/src/components/layout/querySurfaces.ts
index 2cf336411f..2e880277f4 100644
--- a/apps/desktop/src/components/layout/querySurfaces.ts
+++ b/apps/desktop/src/components/layout/querySurfaces.ts
@@ -93,7 +93,7 @@ export interface ContentAreaSurfaceEmits {
   formatError: [tabId: string];
   reload: [tabId: string, sql?: string, searchText?: string, whereInput?: string, orderBy?: string, limit?: number, offset?: number, intent?: DataGridReloadIntent];
   paginate: [tabId: string, offset: number, limit: number, whereInput?: string, orderBy?: string, appendResult?: boolean];
-  sort: [tabId: string, column: string, columnIndex: number, direction: "asc" | "desc" | null, whereInput?: string, mode?: DataGridSortMode];
+  sort: [tabId: string, column: string, columnIndex: number, direction: "asc" | "desc" | null, whereInput?: string, mode?: DataGridSortMode, effectiveOrderBy?: string];
   executeSql: [tabId: string, sql: string];
   clickTable: [tabId: string, target: SqlObjectNavigationTarget];
   viewTableData: [tabId: string, target: SqlObjectNavigationTarget];
diff --git a/apps/desktop/src/composables/__tests__/useDataGridActions.spec.ts b/apps/desktop/src/composables/__tests__/useDataGridActions.spec.ts
index 067c399aa9..8181fe92a6 100644
--- a/apps/desktop/src/composables/__tests__/useDataGridActions.spec.ts
+++ b/apps/desktop/src/composables/__tests__/useDataGridActions.spec.ts
@@ -1241,6 +1241,29 @@ describe("useDataGridActions", () => {
     expect(tab.resultSortMode).toBe("database");
   });
 
+  it("executes a column sort through the effective ORDER BY channel without exposing the structured part in the input", async () => {
+    const tab = tableDataTab({
+      resultPageLimit: 7,
+      tableMeta: {
+        schema: "public",
+        tableName: "users",
+        tableType: "TABLE",
+        columns: [
+          { name: "sort_value", data_type: "integer", is_nullable: false, column_default: null, is_primary_key: false, extra: null },
+          { name: "created_at", data_type: "timestamp", is_nullable: false, column_default: null, is_primary_key: false, extra: null },
+        ],
+        primaryKeys: [],
+      },
+    });
+    mocks.buildTableSelectSql.mockResolvedValueOnce("SELECT sorted");
+    const actions = useDataGridActions(computed(() => tab));
+
+    await actions.onSort(tab.id, "sort_value", 0, "asc", undefined, "database", '"sort_value" ASC, "created_at" DESC');
+
+    expect(mocks.buildTableSelectSql).toHaveBeenCalledWith(expect.objectContaining({ orderBy: '"sort_value" ASC, "created_at" DESC', limit: 7, offset: 0 }));
+    expect(tab.orderByInput).toBe('"sort_value" ASC');
+  });
+
   it("clears paginated table sorting by querying the first page without the generated order", async () => {
     const tab = tableDataTab({
       resultSortColumn: "sort_value",
diff --git a/apps/desktop/src/composables/__tests__/useDataGridSortBuilder.spec.ts b/apps/desktop/src/composables/__tests__/useDataGridSortBuilder.spec.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a5540d092f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apps/desktop/src/composables/__tests__/useDataGridSortBuilder.spec.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,154 @@
+import { nextTick, ref } from "vue";
+import { beforeEach, describe, expect, it } from "vitest";
+import { buildDataGridStructuredOrderBy, clearDataGridSortBuilderMemoryCache, combineDataGridOrderByInputs, moveDataGridStructuredSortRule, useDataGridSortBuilder, type DataGridStructuredSortRule } from "@/composables/useDataGridSortBuilder";
+
+function idFactory() {
+  let index = 0;
+  return () => `sort-${++index}`;
+}
+
+beforeEach(clearDataGridSortBuilderMemoryCache);
+
+describe("structured data-grid ORDER BY", () => {
+  it("combines manual and structured sorting without changing either input", () => {
+    const manual = "LOWER(name) ASC";
+    const structured = '"id" DESC';
+
+    expect(combineDataGridOrderByInputs(manual, structured)).toBe('LOWER(name) ASC, "id" DESC');
+    expect(manual).toBe("LOWER(name) ASC");
+    expect(structured).toBe('"id" DESC');
+    expect(combineDataGridOrderByInputs("", structured)).toBe(structured);
+    expect(combineDataGridOrderByInputs("", "")).toBeUndefined();
+  });
+
+  it("builds enabled rules in priority order, allows duplicate fields, and rejects incomplete active rules", () => {
+    const rules: DataGridStructuredSortRule[] = [
+      { id: "a", columnName: "created at", direction: "desc" },
+      { id: "b", columnName: "ignored", direction: "asc", disabled: true },
+      { id: "c", columnName: "name", direction: "asc" },
+    ];
+
+    expect(buildDataGridStructuredOrderBy(rules, (column) => `"${column}"`)).toBe('"created at" DESC, "name" ASC');
+    expect(buildDataGridStructuredOrderBy([...rules, { id: "d", columnName: "", direction: "asc" }], (column) => column)).toBeUndefined();
+    expect(buildDataGridStructuredOrderBy([...rules, { id: "d", columnName: "name", direction: "desc" }], (column) => column)).toBe("created at DESC, name ASC, name DESC");
+    expect(buildDataGridStructuredOrderBy([], (column) => column)).toBe("");
+  });
+
+  it("allows adding more sort rules than the number of available fields", () => {
+    const builder = useDataGridSortBuilder({ columns: ["name"], cacheKey: "tab-1", scopeKey: "scope-1", createId: idFactory() });
+    builder.setOpen(true);
+    builder.updateRule(builder.rules.value[0]!.id, { columnName: "name" });
+
+    builder.addRule();
+    builder.updateRule(builder.rules.value[1]!.id, { columnName: "name", direction: "desc" });
+
+    expect(builder.rules.value).toEqual([
+      { id: "sort-1", columnName: "name", direction: "asc" },
+      { id: "sort-2", columnName: "name", direction: "desc" },
+    ]);
+  });
+
+  it("moves rules without mutating the source array", () => {
+    const rules: DataGridStructuredSortRule[] = [
+      { id: "a", columnName: "a", direction: "asc" },
+      { id: "b", columnName: "b", direction: "desc" },
+    ];
+    const moved = moveDataGridStructuredSortRule(rules, "b", 0);
+    expect(moved.map((rule) => rule.id)).toEqual(["b", "a"]);
+    expect(rules.map((rule) => rule.id)).toEqual(["a", "b"]);
+  });
+});
+
+describe("useDataGridSortBuilder", () => {
+  it("keeps disabled draft rules when the same tab is remounted", async () => {
+    const columns = ref(["id", "name"]);
+    const first = useDataGridSortBuilder({ columns, cacheKey: "tab-1", scopeKey: "scope-1", createId: idFactory() });
+    first.setOpen(true);
+    first.updateRule(first.rules.value[0]!.id, { columnName: "id" });
+    first.addRule();
+    first.updateRule(first.rules.value[1]!.id, { columnName: "name", direction: "desc", disabled: true });
+    first.markApplied('"id" ASC');
+    await nextTick();
+
+    const second = useDataGridSortBuilder({ columns, cacheKey: "tab-1", scopeKey: "scope-1", createId: idFactory() });
+    second.setOpen(true);
+
+    expect(second.rules.value).toHaveLength(2);
+    expect(second.rules.value[1]).toMatchObject({ columnName: "name", direction: "desc", disabled: true });
+    expect(second.appliedOrderByInput.value).toBe('"id" ASC');
+  });
+
+  it("isolates and restores rules for each cache and scope pair", async () => {
+    const scopeKey = ref("scope-1");
+    const builder = useDataGridSortBuilder({ columns: ["id", "name"], cacheKey: "tab-1", scopeKey, createId: idFactory() });
+    builder.setOpen(true);
+    builder.updateRule(builder.rules.value[0]!.id, { columnName: "id" });
+    builder.markApplied('"id" ASC');
+    await nextTick();
+
+    scopeKey.value = "scope-2";
+    await nextTick();
+    builder.updateRule(builder.rules.value[0]!.id, { columnName: "name", direction: "desc", disabled: true });
+    builder.markApplied("");
+    await nextTick();
+
+    scopeKey.value = "scope-1";
+    await nextTick();
+    expect(builder.rules.value).toEqual([{ id: "sort-1", columnName: "id", direction: "asc" }]);
+    expect(builder.appliedOrderByInput.value).toBe('"id" ASC');
+
+    scopeKey.value = "scope-2";
+    await nextTick();
+    expect(builder.rules.value).toEqual([{ id: "sort-2", columnName: "name", direction: "desc", disabled: true }]);
+    expect(builder.appliedOrderByInput.value).toBe("");
+  });
+
+  it("resets only the draft without clearing the applied structured sort", () => {
+    const builder = useDataGridSortBuilder({ columns: ["id", "name"], cacheKey: "tab-1", scopeKey: "scope-1", createId: idFactory() });
+    builder.setOpen(true);
+    builder.updateRule(builder.rules.value[0]!.id, { columnName: "id", direction: "desc" });
+    builder.addRule();
+    builder.updateRule(builder.rules.value[1]!.id, { columnName: "name", direction: "desc" });
+    builder.markApplied('"id" DESC, "name" DESC');
+
+    builder.reset();
+
+    expect(builder.rules.value).toEqual([{ id: "sort-3", columnName: "", direction: "asc" }]);
+    expect(builder.appliedOrderByInput.value).toBe('"id" DESC, "name" DESC');
+  });
+
+  it("clears draft and applied structured sorting together", () => {
+    const builder = useDataGridSortBuilder({ columns: ["id", "name"], cacheKey: "tab-1", scopeKey: "scope-1", createId: idFactory() });
+    builder.setOpen(true);
+    builder.updateRule(builder.rules.value[0]!.id, { columnName: "id" });
+    builder.markApplied('"id" ASC');
+
+    builder.clear();
+
+    expect(builder.rules.value).toEqual([{ id: "sort-2", columnName: "", direction: "asc" }]);
+    expect(builder.activeRuleCount.value).toBe(0);
+    expect(builder.appliedOrderByInput.value).toBe("");
+  });
+
+  it("updates the badge count from configured active rules before applying", () => {
+    const builder = useDataGridSortBuilder({ columns: ["id", "name"], cacheKey: "tab-1", scopeKey: "scope-1", createId: idFactory() });
+    builder.setOpen(true);
+    expect(builder.activeRuleCount.value).toBe(0);
+
+    builder.updateRule(builder.rules.value[0]!.id, { columnName: "id" });
+    expect(builder.activeRuleCount.value).toBe(1);
+
+    builder.addRule();
+    expect(builder.activeRuleCount.value).toBe(1);
+
+    builder.updateRule(builder.rules.value[1]!.id, { columnName: "name", direction: "desc" });
+    expect(builder.activeRuleCount.value).toBe(2);
+
+    builder.updateRule(builder.rules.value[0]!.id, { disabled: true });
+    expect(builder.activeRuleCount.value).toBe(1);
+
+    builder.enableOnlyRule(builder.rules.value[0]!.id);
+    expect(builder.rules.value.map((rule) => !!rule.disabled)).toEqual([false, true]);
+    expect(builder.activeRuleCount.value).toBe(1);
+  });
+});
diff --git a/apps/desktop/src/composables/useDataGridActions.ts b/apps/desktop/src/composables/useDataGridActions.ts
index 31254b79f9..8e81028771 100644
--- a/apps/desktop/src/composables/useDataGridActions.ts
+++ b/apps/desktop/src/composables/useDataGridActions.ts
@@ -627,7 +627,7 @@ export function useDataGridActions(activeTab: ComputedRef<QueryTab | undefined>)
     });
   }
 
-  async function onSort(tabId: string | undefined, column: string, columnIndex: number, direction: "asc" | "desc" | null, whereInput?: string, mode: DataGridSortMode = "database") {
+  async function onSort(tabId: string | undefined, column: string, columnIndex: number, direction: "asc" | "desc" | null, whereInput?: string, mode: DataGridSortMode = "database", effectiveOrderBy?: string) {
     const tab = resolveActionTab(tabId);
     if (!tab) return;
     tab.resultSortColumn = direction ? column : undefined;
@@ -649,10 +649,11 @@ export function useDataGridActions(activeTab: ComputedRef<QueryTab | undefined>)
       tab.whereInput = whereInput ?? "";
       const config = connectionStore.getConfig(tab.connectionId);
       const quotedColumn = quoteIdent(tab, column);
-      const orderBy = direction ? `${config?.db_type === "neo4j" ? `n.${quotedColumn}` : quotedColumn} ${direction.toUpperCase()}` : undefined;
+      const headerOrderBy = direction ? `${config?.db_type === "neo4j" ? `n.${quotedColumn}` : quotedColumn} ${direction.toUpperCase()}` : undefined;
+      const orderBy = effectiveOrderBy === undefined ? headerOrderBy : effectiveOrderBy.trim() || undefined;
       const limit = tableDataPageLimit(tab);
       const pagination = { limit, offset: 0 };
-      tab.orderByInput = orderBy;
+      tab.orderByInput = headerOrderBy;
       const sql = await buildTableSql(tab, { orderBy, whereInput, limit, offset: pagination.offset });
       queryStore.updateSql(tab.id, sql);
       await queryStore.executeTabSql(tab.id, sql, {
diff --git a/apps/desktop/src/composables/useDataGridSortBuilder.ts b/apps/desktop/src/composables/useDataGridSortBuilder.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1bac87d2fd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apps/desktop/src/composables/useDataGridSortBuilder.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,163 @@
+import { computed, ref, toValue, watch, type MaybeRefOrGetter } from "vue";
+import { uuid } from "@/lib/common/utils";
+import type { DataGridSortDirection } from "@/lib/dataGrid/dataGridSort";
+
+export type DataGridStructuredSortRule = {
+  id: string;
+  columnName: string;
+  direction: DataGridSortDirection;
+  disabled?: boolean;
+};
+
+type DataGridSortBuilderCacheEntry = {
+  appliedOrderBy: string;
+  rules: DataGridStructuredSortRule[];
+};
+
+type UseDataGridSortBuilderOptions = {
+  columns: MaybeRefOrGetter<readonly string[]>;
+  cacheKey: MaybeRefOrGetter<string>;
+  scopeKey: MaybeRefOrGetter<string>;
+  createId?: () => string;
+};
+
+const SORT_BUILDER_CACHE_MAX_ENTRIES = 128;
+const sortBuilderCache = new Map<string, DataGridSortBuilderCacheEntry>();
+
+function cloneRules(rules: readonly DataGridStructuredSortRule[]): DataGridStructuredSortRule[] {
+  return rules.map((rule) => ({ ...rule }));
+}
+
+function normalizedOrderBy(value: string | undefined): string {
+  return value?.trim() ?? "";
+}
+
+export function combineDataGridOrderByInputs(manualOrderBy: string | undefined, structuredOrderBy: string | undefined): string | undefined {
+  return [normalizedOrderBy(manualOrderBy), normalizedOrderBy(structuredOrderBy)].filter(Boolean).join(", ") || undefined;
+}
+
+export function buildDataGridStructuredOrderBy(rules: readonly DataGridStructuredSortRule[], quoteColumn: (columnName: string) => string): string | undefined {
+  const activeRules = rules.filter((rule) => !rule.disabled);
+  if (activeRules.some((rule) => !rule.columnName)) return undefined;
+  return activeRules.map((rule) => `${quoteColumn(rule.columnName)} ${rule.direction.toUpperCase()}`).join(", ");
+}
+
+export function moveDataGridStructuredSortRule(rules: readonly DataGridStructuredSortRule[], ruleId: string, targetIndex: number): DataGridStructuredSortRule[] {
+  const sourceIndex = rules.findIndex((rule) => rule.id === ruleId);
+  if (sourceIndex < 0 || rules.length < 2) return cloneRules(rules);
+  const nextIndex = Math.min(rules.length - 1, Math.max(0, Math.trunc(targetIndex)));
+  if (sourceIndex === nextIndex) return cloneRules(rules);
+  const nextRules = cloneRules(rules);
+  const [rule] = nextRules.splice(sourceIndex, 1);
+  nextRules.splice(nextIndex, 0, rule!);
+  return nextRules;
+}
+
+export function useDataGridSortBuilder(options: UseDataGridSortBuilderOptions) {
+  const rules = ref<DataGridStructuredSortRule[]>([]);
+  const open = ref(false);
+  const appliedOrderByInput = ref("");
+  const activeRuleCount = computed(() => rules.value.filter((rule) => !rule.disabled && !!rule.columnName).length);
+
+  function defaultRule(): DataGridStructuredSortRule {
+    return { id: options.createId?.() ?? uuid(), columnName: "", direction: "asc" };
+  }
+
+  function entryKey(): string | undefined {
+    const cacheKey = toValue(options.cacheKey);
+    if (!cacheKey) return undefined;
+    return JSON.stringify({ cacheKey, scopeKey: toValue(options.scopeKey) });
+  }
+
+  function persist() {
+    const key = entryKey();
+    if (!key) return;
+    sortBuilderCache.delete(key);
+    sortBuilderCache.set(key, { appliedOrderBy: appliedOrderByInput.value, rules: cloneRules(rules.value) });
+    while (sortBuilderCache.size > SORT_BUILDER_CACHE_MAX_ENTRIES) {
+      const oldest = sortBuilderCache.keys().next().value;
+      if (oldest === undefined) break;
+      sortBuilderCache.delete(oldest);
+    }
+  }
+
+  function restore() {
+    const key = entryKey();
+    const cached = key ? sortBuilderCache.get(key) : undefined;
+    if (cached) {
+      rules.value = cloneRules(cached.rules);
+      appliedOrderByInput.value = cached.appliedOrderBy;
+      if (open.value && !rules.value.length && toValue(options.columns).length) rules.value = [defaultRule()];
+      return;
+    }
+    rules.value = open.value && toValue(options.columns).length ? [defaultRule()] : [];
+    appliedOrderByInput.value = "";
+    persist();
+  }
+
+  function setOpen(value: boolean) {
+    if (value && !rules.value.length && toValue(options.columns).length) rules.value = [defaultRule()];
+    open.value = value;
+  }
+
+  function addRule() {
+    if (!toValue(options.columns).length) return;
+    rules.value = [...rules.value, defaultRule()];
+  }
+
+  function removeRule(id: string) {
+    rules.value = rules.value.filter((rule) => rule.id !== id);
+  }
+
+  function updateRule(id: string, patch: Partial<DataGridStructuredSortRule>) {
+    rules.value = rules.value.map((rule) => (rule.id === id ? { ...rule, ...patch } : rule));
+  }
+
+  function moveRule(id: string, targetIndex: number) {
+    rules.value = moveDataGridStructuredSortRule(rules.value, id, targetIndex);
+  }
+
+  function enableOnlyRule(id: string) {
+    if (!rules.value.some((rule) => rule.id === id)) return;
+    rules.value = rules.value.map((rule) => ({ ...rule, disabled: rule.id !== id }));
+  }
+
+  function reset() {
+    rules.value = toValue(options.columns).length ? [defaultRule()] : [];
+  }
+
+  function clear() {
+    appliedOrderByInput.value = "";
+    reset();
+    persist();
+  }
+
+  function markApplied(orderBy: string) {
+    appliedOrderByInput.value = normalizedOrderBy(orderBy);
+    persist();
+  }
+
+  watch(rules, persist, { deep: true });
+  watch([() => toValue(options.cacheKey), () => toValue(options.scopeKey)], restore, { immediate: true });
+
+  return {
+    rules,
+    open,
+    appliedOrderByInput,
+    activeRuleCount,
+    setOpen,
+    addRule,
+    removeRule,
+    updateRule,
+    moveRule,
+    enableOnlyRule,
+    reset,
+    clear,
+    markApplied,
+    restore,
+  };
+}
+
+export function clearDataGridSortBuilderMemoryCache() {
+  sortBuilderCache.clear();
+}
diff --git a/apps/desktop/src/composables/useSidebarDataOpenRuntime.ts b/apps/desktop/src/composables/useSidebarDataOpenRuntime.ts
index be1a57ff06..28aab73dcb 100644
--- a/apps/desktop/src/composables/useSidebarDataOpenRuntime.ts
+++ b/apps/desktop/src/composables/useSidebarDataOpenRuntime.ts
@@ -169,6 +169,7 @@ export function useSidebarDataOpenRuntime() {
       tab.schema = tableSchema;
       tab.whereInput = undefined;
       tab.orderByInput = undefined;
+      tab.structuredOrderByInput = undefined;
       tab.previewSql = undefined;
       tab.resultSortColumn = undefined;
       tab.resultSortColumnIndex = undefined;
diff --git a/apps/desktop/src/i18n/__tests__/featureMessages.spec.ts b/apps/desktop/src/i18n/__tests__/featureMessages.spec.ts
index 699d8b8b3a..86bcf8ae59 100644
--- a/apps/desktop/src/i18n/__tests__/featureMessages.spec.ts
+++ b/apps/desktop/src/i18n/__tests__/featureMessages.spec.ts
@@ -71,6 +71,29 @@ const FEATURE_MESSAGES: FeatureMessages[] = [
   { feature: "transfer bulk select", keys: under("transfer", ["bulkSelectObjects", "bulkSelectTitle", "bulkSelectHint", "bulkSelectPlaceholder", "bulkSelectConfirm", "bulkSelectMatched", "bulkSelectUnmatched", "noMatchingObjects"]), translated: true },
   { feature: "transfer background acknowledgement (#8649)", keys: ["transfer.backgroundStarted"], translated: true },
   { feature: "table info pin", keys: ["grid.pinTableInfo", "grid.unpinTableInfo"], translated: true },
+  {
+    feature: "data grid structured sorting",
+    keys: under("grid", [
+      "sortBuilderTitle",
+      "sortBuilderAddRule",
+      "sortBuilderSelectColumn",
+      "sortBuilderReorderRule",
+      "sortBuilderApplyOnly",
+      "sortBuilderEnableRule",
+      "sortBuilderDisableRule",
+      "sortBuilderEmpty",
+      "sortBuilderApply",
+      "sortBuilderReset",
+      "sortBuilderCompleteRuleFirst",
+      "sortSqlPreview",
+      "sortSqlPreviewEmpty",
+      "copySortSql",
+      "sortSqlCopied",
+      "resizeSortPanel",
+      "sortTextView",
+    ]),
+    translated: true,
+  },
   { feature: "Consul workspace", keys: ["consul.ui.*", "consul.tools.*"] },
   { feature: "MQTT max packet size", keys: ["connection.mqttMaxPacketSize"] },
   { feature: "sidebar search skip hint", keys: ["sidebar.searchConnectionSkipped"] },
diff --git a/apps/desktop/src/i18n/locales/az.ts b/apps/desktop/src/i18n/locales/az.ts
index 6c8c667885..49aba64fd1 100644
--- a/apps/desktop/src/i18n/locales/az.ts
+++ b/apps/desktop/src/i18n/locales/az.ts
@@ -2163,6 +2163,23 @@ export default withEnglishFallback({
     sortDatabaseAscending: "Verilənlər bazasını artan sıra ilə sırala",
     sortDatabaseDescending: "Verilənlər bazasını azalan sıra ilə sırala",
     clearSort: "Sıralamanı təmizlə",
+    sortBuilderTitle: "Sıralama",
+    sortBuilderAddRule: "Sahə əlavə et",
+    sortBuilderSelectColumn: "Sahə seçin",
+    sortBuilderReorderRule: "Sıralama sahəsinin yerini dəyişmək üçün sürükləyin",
+    sortBuilderApplyOnly: "Yalnız bu sahəyə görə sırala",
+    sortBuilderEnableRule: "Sıralama sahəsini aktivləşdir",
+    sortBuilderDisableRule: "Sıralama sahəsini deaktiv et",
+    sortBuilderEmpty: "Sıralamanı tənzimləmək üçün sahə əlavə edin.",
+    sortBuilderApply: "Sıralamanı tətbiq et",
+    sortBuilderReset: "Sıralamanı sıfırla",
+    sortBuilderCompleteRuleFirst: "Hər aktiv sıralama qaydası üçün sahə seçin.",
+    sortSqlPreview: "SQL sıralama önizləməsi",
+    sortSqlPreviewEmpty: "Hələ etibarlı sıralama sahəsi yoxdur",
+    copySortSql: "SQL sıralamasını kopyala",
+    sortSqlCopied: "SQL sıralaması kopyalandı",
+    resizeSortPanel: "Sıralama panelinin ölçüsünü dəyiş",
+    sortTextView: "Sıralama mətn görünüşü",
     freezeToColumn: "Bu sütuna qədər sabitlə",
     freezeSelectedColumns: "Seçilmiş sütunları sabitlə ({count})",
     freezeCurrentColumn: "Cari sütunu sabitlə",
diff --git a/apps/desktop/src/i18n/locales/en.ts b/apps/desktop/src/i18n/locales/en.ts
index 64596e875b..15f0839a22 100644
--- a/apps/desktop/src/i18n/locales/en.ts
+++ b/apps/desktop/src/i18n/locales/en.ts
@@ -2502,6 +2502,23 @@ export default {
     sortDatabaseAscending: "Sort Database Ascending",
     sortDatabaseDescending: "Sort Database Descending",
     clearSort: "Clear Sort",
+    sortBuilderTitle: "Sort",
+    sortBuilderAddRule: "Add field",
+    sortBuilderSelectColumn: "Select a field",
+    sortBuilderReorderRule: "Drag to reorder sort field",
+    sortBuilderApplyOnly: "Sort by only this field",
+    sortBuilderEnableRule: "Enable sort field",
+    sortBuilderDisableRule: "Disable sort field",
+    sortBuilderEmpty: "Add a field to configure sorting.",
+    sortBuilderApply: "Apply Sort",
+    sortBuilderReset: "Reset sort",
+    sortBuilderCompleteRuleFirst: "Select a field for every enabled sort rule.",
+    sortSqlPreview: "SQL sort preview",
+    sortSqlPreviewEmpty: "No valid sort fields yet",
+    copySortSql: "Copy SQL sort",
+    sortSqlCopied: "SQL sort copied",
+    resizeSortPanel: "Resize sort panel",
+    sortTextView: "Sort text view",
     freezeToColumn: "Freeze to This Column",
     freezeSelectedColumns: "Freeze Selected Columns ({count})",
     freezeCurrentColumn: "Freeze Current Column",
diff --git a/apps/desktop/src/i18n/locales/es.ts b/apps/desktop/src/i18n/locales/es.ts
index 05850d1a6c..8012891b95 100644
--- a/apps/desktop/src/i18n/locales/es.ts
+++ b/apps/desktop/src/i18n/locales/es.ts
@@ -2344,6 +2344,23 @@ export default withEnglishFallback({
     sortDatabaseAscending: "Ordenar base de datos ascendente",
     sortDatabaseDescending: "Ordenar base de datos descendente",
     clearSort: "Limpiar orden",
+    sortBuilderTitle: "Ordenar",
+    sortBuilderAddRule: "Añadir campo",
+    sortBuilderSelectColumn: "Seleccionar un campo",
+    sortBuilderReorderRule: "Arrastra para reordenar el campo de ordenación",
+    sortBuilderApplyOnly: "Ordenar solo por este campo",
+    sortBuilderEnableRule: "Activar campo de ordenación",
+    sortBuilderDisableRule: "Desactivar campo de ordenación",
+    sortBuilderEmpty: "Añade un campo para configurar la ordenación.",
+    sortBuilderApply: "Aplicar ordenación",
+    sortBuilderReset: "Restablecer ordenación",
+    sortBuilderCompleteRuleFirst: "Selecciona un campo para cada regla de ordenación activada.",
+    sortSqlPreview: "Vista previa SQL de ordenación",
+    sortSqlPreviewEmpty: "Aún no hay campos de ordenación válidos",
+    copySortSql: "Copiar ordenación SQL",
+    sortSqlCopied: "Ordenación SQL copiada",
+    resizeSortPanel: "Cambiar el tamaño del panel de ordenación",
+    sortTextView: "Vista de texto de ordenación",
     freezeToColumn: "Inmovilizar hasta esta columna",
     freezeSelectedColumns: "Inmovilizar columnas seleccionadas ({count})",
     freezeCurrentColumn: "Inmovilizar columna actual",
diff --git a/apps/desktop/src/i18n/locales/it.ts b/apps/desktop/src/i18n/locales/it.ts
index fe2621067b..cc40b12106 100644
--- a/apps/desktop/src/i18n/locales/it.ts
+++ b/apps/desktop/src/i18n/locales/it.ts
@@ -2278,6 +2278,23 @@ export default withEnglishFallback({
     sortDatabaseAscending: "Ordina database crescente",
     sortDatabaseDescending: "Ordina database decrescente",
     clearSort: "Rimuovi Ordinamento",
+    sortBuilderTitle: "Ordinamento",
+    sortBuilderAddRule: "Aggiungi campo",
+    sortBuilderSelectColumn: "Seleziona un campo",
+    sortBuilderReorderRule: "Trascina per riordinare il campo di ordinamento",
+    sortBuilderApplyOnly: "Ordina solo per questo campo",
+    sortBuilderEnableRule: "Abilita campo di ordinamento",
+    sortBuilderDisableRule: "Disabilita campo di ordinamento",
+    sortBuilderEmpty: "Aggiungi un campo per configurare l'ordinamento.",
+    sortBuilderApply: "Applica ordinamento",
+    sortBuilderReset: "Reimposta ordinamento",
+    sortBuilderCompleteRuleFirst: "Seleziona un campo per ogni regola di ordinamento abilitata.",
+    sortSqlPreview: "Anteprima ordinamento SQL",
+    sortSqlPreviewEmpty: "Nessun campo di ordinamento valido",
+    copySortSql: "Copia ordinamento SQL",
+    sortSqlCopied: "Ordinamento SQL copiato",
+    resizeSortPanel: "Ridimensiona pannello di ordinamento",
+    sortTextView: "Vista testuale dell'ordinamento",
     freezeToColumn: "Blocca fino a questa colonna",
     freezeSelectedColumns: "Blocca colonne selezionate ({count})",
     freezeCurrentColumn: "Blocca colonna corrente",
diff --git a/apps/desktop/src/i18n/locales/ja.ts b/apps/desktop/src/i18n/locales/ja.ts
index 46d71f0488..7d7f0515cc 100644
--- a/apps/desktop/src/i18n/locales/ja.ts
+++ b/apps/desktop/src/i18n/locales/ja.ts
@@ -2285,6 +2285,23 @@ export default withEnglishFallback({
     sortDatabaseAscending: "データベースで昇順に並び替え",
     sortDatabaseDescending: "データベースで降順に並び替え",
     clearSort: "並び替えをクリア",
+    sortBuilderTitle: "並び替え",
+    sortBuilderAddRule: "フィールドを追加",
+    sortBuilderSelectColumn: "フィールドを選択",
+    sortBuilderReorderRule: "ドラッグして並び替えフィールドの順序を変更",
+    sortBuilderApplyOnly: "このフィールドのみで並び替え",
+    sortBuilderEnableRule: "並び替えフィールドを有効化",
+    sortBuilderDisableRule: "並び替えフィールドを無効化",
+    sortBuilderEmpty: "フィールドを追加して並び替えを設定します。",
+    sortBuilderApply: "並び替えを適用",
+    sortBuilderReset: "並び替えをリセット",
+    sortBuilderCompleteRuleFirst: "有効な各並び替えルールでフィールドを選択してください。",
+    sortSqlPreview: "SQL 並び替えプレビュー",
+    sortSqlPreviewEmpty: "有効な並び替えフィールドがありません",
+    copySortSql: "SQL 並び替えをコピー",
+    sortSqlCopied: "SQL 並び替えをコピーしました",
+    resizeSortPanel: "並び替えパネルのサイズを変更",
+    sortTextView: "並び替えテキストビュー",
     freezeToColumn: "この列まで固定",
     freezeSelectedColumns: "選択列を固定 ({count})",
     freezeCurrentColumn: "現在の列を固定",
diff --git a/apps/desktop/src/i18n/locales/ko.ts b/apps/desktop/src/i18n/locales/ko.ts
index bb4bc6112b..d73fa349ad 100644
--- a/apps/desktop/src/i18n/locales/ko.ts
+++ b/apps/desktop/src/i18n/locales/ko.ts
@@ -2274,6 +2274,23 @@ export default withEnglishFallback({
     sortDatabaseAscending: "데이터베이스 오름차순 정렬",
     sortDatabaseDescending: "데이터베이스 내림차순 정렬",
     clearSort: "정렬 지우기",
+    sortBuilderTitle: "정렬",
+    sortBuilderAddRule: "필드 추가",
+    sortBuilderSelectColumn: "필드 선택",
+    sortBuilderReorderRule: "드래그하여 정렬 필드 순서 변경",
+    sortBuilderApplyOnly: "이 필드만 정렬",
+    sortBuilderEnableRule: "정렬 필드 활성화",
+    sortBuilderDisableRule: "정렬 필드 비활성화",
+    sortBuilderEmpty: "필드를 추가하여 정렬을 설정하세요.",
+    sortBuilderApply: "정렬 적용",
+    sortBuilderReset: "정렬 재설정",
+    sortBuilderCompleteRuleFirst: "활성화된 각 정렬 규칙의 필드를 선택하세요.",
+    sortSqlPreview: "SQL 정렬 미리보기",
+    sortSqlPreviewEmpty: "유효한 정렬 필드가 없습니다",
+    copySortSql: "SQL 정렬 복사",
+    sortSqlCopied: "SQL 정렬이 복사되었습니다",
+    resizeSortPanel: "정렬 패널 크기 조정",
+    sortTextView: "정렬 텍스트 보기",
     freezeToColumn: "이 컬럼까지 고정",
     freezeSelectedColumns: "선택한 컬럼 고정 ({count})",
     freezeCurrentColumn: "현재 열 고정",
diff --git a/apps/desktop/src/i18n/locales/pt-BR.ts b/apps/desktop/src/i18n/locales/pt-BR.ts
index e73c3ee265..1176133b39 100644
--- a/apps/desktop/src/i18n/locales/pt-BR.ts
+++ b/apps/desktop/src/i18n/locales/pt-BR.ts
@@ -2280,6 +2280,23 @@ export default withEnglishFallback({
     sortDatabaseAscending: "Ordenar Banco de Dados Crescente",
     sortDatabaseDescending: "Ordenar Banco de Dados Decrescente",
     clearSort: "Limpar Ordenação",
+    sortBuilderTitle: "Ordenação",
+    sortBuilderAddRule: "Adicionar campo",
+    sortBuilderSelectColumn: "Selecionar um campo",
+    sortBuilderReorderRule: "Arraste para reordenar o campo de ordenação",
+    sortBuilderApplyOnly: "Ordenar somente por este campo",
+    sortBuilderEnableRule: "Ativar campo de ordenação",
+    sortBuilderDisableRule: "Desativar campo de ordenação",
+    sortBuilderEmpty: "Adicione um campo para configurar a ordenação.",
+    sortBuilderApply: "Aplicar ordenação",
+    sortBuilderReset: "Redefinir ordenação",
+    sortBuilderCompleteRuleFirst: "Selecione um campo para cada regra de ordenação ativada.",
+    sortSqlPreview: "Prévia da ordenação SQL",
+    sortSqlPreviewEmpty: "Nenhum campo de ordenação válido",
+    copySortSql: "Copiar ordenação SQL",
+    sortSqlCopied: "Ordenação SQL copiada",
+    resizeSortPanel: "Redimensionar painel de ordenação",
+    sortTextView: "Visualização textual da ordenação",
     freezeToColumn: "Congelar até esta coluna",
     freezeSelectedColumns: "Congelar colunas selecionadas ({count})",
     freezeCurrentColumn: "Congelar coluna atual",
diff --git a/apps/desktop/src/i18n/locales/ru.ts b/apps/desktop/src/i18n/locales/ru.ts
index 3e3e3b6853..af50a98d9e 100644
--- a/apps/desktop/src/i18n/locales/ru.ts
+++ b/apps/desktop/src/i18n/locales/ru.ts
@@ -2377,6 +2377,23 @@ export default withEnglishFallback({
     sortDatabaseAscending: "Сортировать базу данных по возрастанию",
     sortDatabaseDescending: "Сортировать базу данных по убыванию",
     clearSort: "Очистить сортировку",
+    sortBuilderTitle: "Сортировка",
+    sortBuilderAddRule: "Добавить поле",
+    sortBuilderSelectColumn: "Выберите поле",
+    sortBuilderReorderRule: "Перетащите, чтобы изменить порядок полей сортировки",
+    sortBuilderApplyOnly: "Сортировать только по этому полю",
+    sortBuilderEnableRule: "Включить поле сортировки",
+    sortBuilderDisableRule: "Отключить поле сортировки",
+    sortBuilderEmpty: "Добавьте поле, чтобы настроить сортировку.",
+    sortBuilderApply: "Применить сортировку",
+    sortBuilderReset: "Сбросить сортировку",
+    sortBuilderCompleteRuleFirst: "Выберите поле для каждого включённого правила сортировки.",
+    sortSqlPreview: "Предпросмотр сортировки SQL",
+    sortSqlPreviewEmpty: "Нет допустимых полей сортировки",
+    copySortSql: "Копировать сортировку SQL",
+    sortSqlCopied: "Сортировка SQL скопирована",
+    resizeSortPanel: "Изменить размер панели сортировки",
+    sortTextView: "Текстовый вид сортировки",
     freezeToColumn: "Закрепить до этого столбца",
     freezeSelectedColumns: "Закрепить выбранные столбцы ({count})",
     freezeCurrentColumn: "Закрепить текущий столбец",
diff --git a/apps/desktop/src/i18n/locales/tr.ts b/apps/desktop/src/i18n/locales/tr.ts
index 075533023d..6a654dfe7a 100644
--- a/apps/desktop/src/i18n/locales/tr.ts
+++ b/apps/desktop/src/i18n/locales/tr.ts
@@ -2158,6 +2158,23 @@ export default withEnglishFallback({
     sortDatabaseAscending: "Veritabanında Artan Sırala",
     sortDatabaseDescending: "Veritabanında Azalan Sırala",
     clearSort: "Sıralamayı Temizle",
+    sortBuilderTitle: "Sıralama",
+    sortBuilderAddRule: "Alan ekle",
+    sortBuilderSelectColumn: "Bir alan seçin",
+    sortBuilderReorderRule: "Sıralama alanının yerini değiştirmek için sürükleyin",
+    sortBuilderApplyOnly: "Yalnızca bu alana göre sırala",
+    sortBuilderEnableRule: "Sıralama alanını etkinleştir",
+    sortBuilderDisableRule: "Sıralama alanını devre dışı bırak",
+    sortBuilderEmpty: "Sıralamayı yapılandırmak için bir alan ekleyin.",
+    sortBuilderApply: "Sıralamayı uygula",
+    sortBuilderReset: "Sıralamayı sıfırla",
+    sortBuilderCompleteRuleFirst: "Etkinleştirilmiş her sıralama kuralı için bir alan seçin.",
+    sortSqlPreview: "SQL sıralama önizlemesi",
+    sortSqlPreviewEmpty: "Henüz geçerli bir sıralama alanı yok",
+    copySortSql: "SQL sıralamasını kopyala",
+    sortSqlCopied: "SQL sıralaması kopyalandı",
+    resizeSortPanel: "Sıralama panelini yeniden boyutlandır",
+    sortTextView: "Sıralama metin görünümü",
     freezeToColumn: "Bu Sütuna Kadar Dondur",
     freezeSelectedColumns: "Seçili Sütunları Dondur ({count})",
     freezeCurrentColumn: "Geçerli sütunu sabitle",
diff --git a/apps/desktop/src/i18n/locales/zh-CN.ts b/apps/desktop/src/i18n/locales/zh-CN.ts
index 277b89ba5b..c14d396920 100644
--- a/apps/desktop/src/i18n/locales/zh-CN.ts
+++ b/apps/desktop/src/i18n/locales/zh-CN.ts
@@ -2415,6 +2415,23 @@ export default withEnglishFallback({
     sortDatabaseAscending: "数据库升序排序",
     sortDatabaseDescending: "数据库降序排序",
     clearSort: "清除排序",
+    sortBuilderTitle: "排序",
+    sortBuilderAddRule: "新增字段",
+    sortBuilderSelectColumn: "选择字段",
+    sortBuilderReorderRule: "拖动调整排序字段顺序",
+    sortBuilderApplyOnly: "仅排序此项",
+    sortBuilderEnableRule: "启用排序字段",
+    sortBuilderDisableRule: "禁用排序字段",
+    sortBuilderEmpty: "新增字段后即可设置排序。",
+    sortBuilderApply: "应用排序",
+    sortBuilderReset: "重置排序",
+    sortBuilderCompleteRuleFirst: "请为每条已启用的排序规则选择字段。",
+    sortSqlPreview: "SQL 排序预览",
+    sortSqlPreviewEmpty: "尚未选择有效排序字段",
+    copySortSql: "复制 SQL 排序",
+    sortSqlCopied: "SQL 排序已复制",
+    resizeSortPanel: "调整排序面板高度",
+    sortTextView: "排序文本视图",
     freezeToColumn: "冻结到此列",
     freezeSelectedColumns: "冻结选中列（{count} 列）",
     freezeCurrentColumn: "冻结当前列",
diff --git a/apps/desktop/src/i18n/locales/zh-TW.ts b/apps/desktop/src/i18n/locales/zh-TW.ts
index 400d0d3421..4d45bf801e 100644
--- a/apps/desktop/src/i18n/locales/zh-TW.ts
+++ b/apps/desktop/src/i18n/locales/zh-TW.ts
@@ -2277,6 +2277,23 @@ export default withEnglishFallback({
     sortDatabaseAscending: "資料庫遞增排序",
     sortDatabaseDescending: "資料庫遞減排序",
     clearSort: "清除排序",
+    sortBuilderTitle: "排序",
+    sortBuilderAddRule: "新增欄位",
+    sortBuilderSelectColumn: "選擇欄位",
+    sortBuilderReorderRule: "拖動調整排序欄位順序",
+    sortBuilderApplyOnly: "僅排序此項",
+    sortBuilderEnableRule: "啟用排序欄位",
+    sortBuilderDisableRule: "停用排序欄位",
+    sortBuilderEmpty: "新增欄位後即可設定排序。",
+    sortBuilderApply: "套用排序",
+    sortBuilderReset: "重設排序",
+    sortBuilderCompleteRuleFirst: "請為每條已啟用的排序規則選擇欄位。",
+    sortSqlPreview: "SQL 排序預覽",
+    sortSqlPreviewEmpty: "尚未選擇有效排序欄位",
+    copySortSql: "複製 SQL 排序",
+    sortSqlCopied: "SQL 排序已複製",
+    resizeSortPanel: "調整排序面板高度",
+    sortTextView: "排序文字檢視",
     freezeToColumn: "凍結到此欄",
     freezeSelectedColumns: "凍結選取欄（{count} 欄）",
     freezeCurrentColumn: "凍結目前欄",
diff --git a/apps/desktop/src/lib/__tests__/app/openTabsPersistence.spec.ts b/apps/desktop/src/lib/__tests__/app/openTabsPersistence.spec.ts
index 65adec5b91..b710709946 100644
--- a/apps/desktop/src/lib/__tests__/app/openTabsPersistence.spec.ts
+++ b/apps/desktop/src/lib/__tests__/app/openTabsPersistence.spec.ts
@@ -27,6 +27,13 @@ describe("openTabsPersistence originalSql round-trip", () => {
     expect(restored.uiState).toEqual({ activeOutputView: "chart", redisResultViewMode: "console", resultPaneOpen: false });
   });
 
+  it("preserves the structured sort field across a data tab round-trip", () => {
+    const [restored] = roundTrip([queryTab({ mode: "data", orderByInput: '"status" ASC', structuredOrderByInput: '"created_at" DESC' })]);
+
+    expect(restored.orderByInput).toBe('"status" ASC');
+    expect(restored.structuredOrderByInput).toBe('"created_at" DESC');
+  });
+
   it("preserves namespaced special-page state across a round-trip", () => {
     const uiState = {
       page: {
diff --git a/apps/desktop/src/lib/app/openTabsPersistence.ts b/apps/desktop/src/lib/app/openTabsPersistence.ts
index dc4913a794..af3f4c8f84 100644
--- a/apps/desktop/src/lib/app/openTabsPersistence.ts
+++ b/apps/desktop/src/lib/app/openTabsPersistence.ts
@@ -50,6 +50,7 @@ export interface SavedOpenTab {
   resultSortDirection?: QueryTab["resultSortDirection"];
   resultSortMode?: QueryTab["resultSortMode"];
   orderByInput?: string;
+  structuredOrderByInput?: string;
   resultPageLimit?: number;
   resultPageOffset?: number;
   whereInput?: string;
@@ -196,6 +197,7 @@ export function serializeOpenTabs(tabs: QueryTab[]): SavedOpenTab[] {
     ...(tab.resultSortDirection !== undefined ? { resultSortDirection: tab.resultSortDirection } : {}),
     ...(tab.resultSortMode !== undefined ? { resultSortMode: tab.resultSortMode } : {}),
     ...(tab.orderByInput !== undefined ? { orderByInput: tab.orderByInput } : {}),
+    ...(tab.structuredOrderByInput !== undefined ? { structuredOrderByInput: tab.structuredOrderByInput } : {}),
     ...(tab.resultPageLimit !== undefined ? { resultPageLimit: tab.resultPageLimit } : {}),
     ...(tab.resultPageOffset !== undefined ? { resultPageOffset: tab.resultPageOffset } : {}),
     ...(tab.whereInput !== undefined ? { whereInput: tab.whereInput } : {}),
diff --git a/apps/desktop/src/lib/table/__tests__/tableDataRefresh.spec.ts b/apps/desktop/src/lib/table/__tests__/tableDataRefresh.spec.ts
index 9939ad18e2..aed1839265 100644
--- a/apps/desktop/src/lib/table/__tests__/tableDataRefresh.spec.ts
+++ b/apps/desktop/src/lib/table/__tests__/tableDataRefresh.spec.ts
@@ -30,6 +30,23 @@ describe("restoredDataTabReloadFilters", () => {
     });
   });
 
+  it("recombines the persisted structured ORDER BY with the manual input for restored tabs", () => {
+    expect(
+      restoredDataTabReloadFilters({
+        whereInput: "status = 'active'",
+        orderByInput: '"name" ASC',
+        structuredOrderByInput: '"age" DESC, "created_at" ASC',
+      }),
+    ).toEqual({
+      whereInput: "status = 'active'",
+      orderBy: '"name" ASC, "age" DESC, "created_at" ASC',
+    });
+    expect(restoredDataTabReloadFilters({ whereInput: undefined, orderByInput: undefined, structuredOrderByInput: '"age" DESC' })).toEqual({
+      whereInput: undefined,
+      orderBy: '"age" DESC',
+    });
+  });
+
   it("reports blank filters as absent so the reload does not emit an empty WHERE/ORDER BY", () => {
     expect(restoredDataTabReloadFilters({ whereInput: "", orderByInput: undefined })).toEqual({ whereInput: undefined, orderBy: undefined });
     expect(restoredDataTabReloadFilters({ whereInput: "   ", orderByInput: "  " })).toEqual({ whereInput: undefined, orderBy: undefined });
diff --git a/apps/desktop/src/lib/table/tableDataRefresh.ts b/apps/desktop/src/lib/table/tableDataRefresh.ts
index d627eb01f2..dc47d07e8a 100644
--- a/apps/desktop/src/lib/table/tableDataRefresh.ts
+++ b/apps/desktop/src/lib/table/tableDataRefresh.ts
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+import { combineDataGridOrderByInputs } from "@/composables/useDataGridSortBuilder";
 import type { QueryTab } from "@/types/database";
 
 type RefreshableDataTab = Pick<QueryTab, "mode" | "result" | "isExecuting">;
@@ -6,7 +7,7 @@ export function canReloadUnavailableDataTab(tab: RefreshableDataTab): boolean {
   return tab.mode === "data" && !tab.result && !tab.isExecuting;
 }
 
-type RestoredDataTabFilters = Pick<QueryTab, "whereInput" | "orderByInput">;
+type RestoredDataTabFilters = Pick<QueryTab, "whereInput" | "orderByInput" | "structuredOrderByInput">;
 
 // 恢复的数据标签页没有 result，刷新走的是 DataGrid 之外那条不带参数的 reload 入口。
 // onReloadData 把缺省的 whereInput/orderBy 当成“用户已清空”（DataGrid 清空筛选时
@@ -15,6 +16,6 @@ type RestoredDataTabFilters = Pick<QueryTab, "whereInput" | "orderByInput">;
 export function restoredDataTabReloadFilters(tab: RestoredDataTabFilters): { whereInput?: string; orderBy?: string } {
   return {
     whereInput: tab.whereInput?.trim() || undefined,
-    orderBy: tab.orderByInput?.trim() || undefined,
+    orderBy: combineDataGridOrderByInputs(tab.orderByInput, tab.structuredOrderByInput),
   };
 }
diff --git a/apps/desktop/src/stores/__tests__/queryStore.tableDataRefresh.spec.ts b/apps/desktop/src/stores/__tests__/queryStore.tableDataRefresh.spec.ts
index 38b2f7166c..50d7c0af72 100644
--- a/apps/desktop/src/stores/__tests__/queryStore.tableDataRefresh.spec.ts
+++ b/apps/desktop/src/stores/__tests__/queryStore.tableDataRefresh.spec.ts
@@ -583,6 +583,31 @@ describe("queryStore table data refresh", () => {
     expect(store.tabs.find((tab) => tab.id === secondTabId)?.result).toBeUndefined();
   });
 
+  it("rebuilds the structured sort from persisted tab state on refresh", async () => {
+    const { useQueryStore } = await import("@/stores/queryStore");
+    const store = useQueryStore();
+    const tabId = store.createTab("pg-1", "app", "users", "data", "public");
+    store.setTableMeta(tabId, {
+      schema: "public",
+      tableName: "users",
+      tableType: "TABLE",
+      columns: [
+        { name: "id", data_type: "integer", is_nullable: false, column_default: null, is_primary_key: true, extra: null },
+        { name: "status", data_type: "text", is_nullable: true, column_default: null, is_primary_key: false, extra: null },
+        { name: "created_at", data_type: "timestamp", is_nullable: false, column_default: null, is_primary_key: false, extra: null },
+      ],
+      primaryKeys: ["id"],
+    });
+    const tab = store.tabs.find((tab) => tab.id === tabId)!;
+    tab.orderByInput = '"status" ASC';
+    tab.structuredOrderByInput = '"created_at" DESC';
+
+    const refreshed = await store.refreshDataTab(tabId);
+
+    expect(refreshed).toBe(true);
+    expect(mocks.buildTableSelectSql).toHaveBeenCalledWith(expect.objectContaining({ orderBy: '"status" ASC, "created_at" DESC' }));
+  });
+
   it("keeps the configured MySQL page size when results contain large-value previews", async () => {
     mocks.getConnectionConfig.mockReturnValue({
       id: "mysql-1",
@@ -679,6 +704,7 @@ describe("queryStore table data refresh", () => {
     const tab = store.tabs.find((candidate) => candidate.id === tabId)!;
     tab.whereInput = "id > 0";
     tab.orderByInput = '"old_name" ASC';
+    tab.structuredOrderByInput = '"old_name" DESC';
     tab.resultSortColumn = "old_name";
     tab.resultSortColumnIndex = 1;
     tab.resultSortDirection = "asc";
@@ -712,6 +738,7 @@ describe("queryStore table data refresh", () => {
     expect(tab.resultLocalSortOriginalMongoDocuments).toBeUndefined();
     expect(tab.resultLocalSortOriginalMongoCopyDocuments).toBeUndefined();
     expect(tab.orderByInput).toBeUndefined();
+    expect(tab.structuredOrderByInput).toBeUndefined();
     expect(tab.whereInput).toBe("id > 0");
     expect(tab.resultPageLimit).toBe(25);
     expect(tab.resultPageOffset).toBe(50);
diff --git a/apps/desktop/src/stores/queryStore.ts b/apps/desktop/src/stores/queryStore.ts
index aa4deac894..d852401bb0 100644
--- a/apps/desktop/src/stores/queryStore.ts
+++ b/apps/desktop/src/stores/queryStore.ts
@@ -103,6 +103,7 @@ import { replaceSqlServerLeadingUseQuery, sqlServerLeadingUseScript, switchesDat
 import { classifySqlRisk } from "@/lib/sql/sqlRisk";
 import { externalSqlFileDisplayTitles, normalizeExternalSqlPath } from "@/lib/sql/sqlFileOpen";
 import { clearDataGridPendingSnapshot, clearDataGridPendingSnapshotsForTab } from "@/composables/useDataGridEditor";
+import { combineDataGridOrderByInputs } from "@/composables/useDataGridSortBuilder";
 import { beginClosingDataGridViewSnapshotsForTab, clearDataGridViewSnapshot, clearDataGridViewSnapshotsForTab } from "@/lib/dataGrid/dataGridViewStateCache";
 import { beginClosingBrowserState } from "@/lib/tabs/documentBrowserStateCache";
 import { clearDataGridStructuredFilterStatesForTab } from "@/lib/dataGrid/dataGridFilterBuilderPersistence";
@@ -1776,6 +1777,7 @@ export const useQueryStore = defineStore("query", () => {
     tab.resultLocalSortOriginalMongoDocuments = undefined;
     tab.resultLocalSortOriginalMongoCopyDocuments = undefined;
     tab.orderByInput = undefined;
+    tab.structuredOrderByInput = undefined;
     tab.resultPageSql = undefined;
     tab.resultPageLimit = undefined;
     tab.resultPageOffset = undefined;
@@ -2597,6 +2599,7 @@ export const useQueryStore = defineStore("query", () => {
       resultSortDirection: t.resultSortDirection,
       resultSortMode: t.resultSortMode,
       orderByInput: t.orderByInput,
+      structuredOrderByInput: t.structuredOrderByInput,
       whereInput: t.whereInput,
       pinned: t.pinned,
       mode: t.mode,
@@ -4660,6 +4663,7 @@ export const useQueryStore = defineStore("query", () => {
       resultLocalSortOriginalMongoDocuments: undefined,
       resultLocalSortOriginalMongoCopyDocuments: undefined,
       orderByInput: original.mode === "data" ? original.orderByInput : undefined,
+      structuredOrderByInput: original.mode === "data" ? original.structuredOrderByInput : undefined,
       resultPageSql: undefined,
       resultPageLimit: original.mode === "data" ? original.resultPageLimit : undefined,
       resultPageOffset: original.mode === "data" ? original.resultPageOffset : undefined,
@@ -4890,7 +4894,7 @@ export const useQueryStore = defineStore("query", () => {
       clearInvalidDataTabSortState(tab, tableMeta.columns);
       const primaryKeys = tab.tableMeta ? tab.tableMeta.primaryKeys : tableMeta.primaryKeys;
       const sortOrder = tab.resultSortColumn && tab.resultSortDirection ? `${quoteTableDataIdentifier(effectiveDbType, tab.resultSortColumn, identifierQuote)} ${tab.resultSortDirection.toUpperCase()}` : undefined;
-      const orderBy = tab.orderByInput?.trim() || sortOrder;
+      const orderBy = combineDataGridOrderByInputs(tab.orderByInput, tab.structuredOrderByInput) || sortOrder;
       const limit = tab.resultPageLimit ?? tableOpenPageLimit(settingsStore.editorSettings.tableOpenPageSize);
       const offset = tab.resultPageOffset ?? 0;
       const useDriverRowOffset = jdbcConnectionUsesDriverRowOffset(conn, effectiveDbType);
@@ -5638,7 +5642,11 @@ export const useQueryStore = defineStore("query", () => {
       tab.orderByInput,
       columns.map((column) => column.name),
     );
-    if (!structuredSortMissing && !simpleOrderMissing) return false;
+    const structuredOrderMissing = simpleDataGridOrderByReferencesMissingColumn(
+      tab.structuredOrderByInput,
+      columns.map((column) => column.name),
+    );
+    if (!structuredSortMissing && !simpleOrderMissing && !structuredOrderMissing) return false;
     if (structuredSortMissing) {
       tab.resultSortColumn = undefined;
       tab.resultSortColumnIndex = undefined;
@@ -5651,6 +5659,7 @@ export const useQueryStore = defineStore("query", () => {
       tab.resultLocalSortOriginalMongoCopyDocuments = undefined;
     }
     if (simpleOrderMissing) tab.orderByInput = undefined;
+    if (structuredOrderMissing) tab.structuredOrderByInput = undefined;
     return true;
   }
 
@@ -9037,7 +9046,7 @@ export const useQueryStore = defineStore("query", () => {
       const identifierQuote = connStore.connectionIdentifierQuote?.(tab.connectionId);
       const primaryKeys = tab.tableMeta ? tab.tableMeta.primaryKeys : tableMeta.primaryKeys;
       const sortOrder = tab.resultSortColumn && tab.resultSortDirection ? `${quoteTableDataIdentifier(effectiveDbType, tab.resultSortColumn, identifierQuote)} ${tab.resultSortDirection.toUpperCase()}` : undefined;
-      const orderBy = tab.orderByInput?.trim() || sortOrder;
+      const orderBy = combineDataGridOrderByInputs(tab.orderByInput, tab.structuredOrderByInput) || sortOrder;
       const queryTimeoutSecs = queryTimeoutSecsForConnection(conn, settingsStore.editorSettings.globalQueryTimeoutSecs);
       const executionDatabase = tab.database;
       const rows: QueryResult["rows"] = [];
diff --git a/apps/desktop/src/types/database.ts b/apps/desktop/src/types/database.ts
index 741ed1f497..bfbeaa9779 100644
--- a/apps/desktop/src/types/database.ts
+++ b/apps/desktop/src/types/database.ts
@@ -1939,6 +1939,12 @@ export interface QueryTab {
   resultLocalSortOriginalMongoDocuments?: QueryResult["mongo_documents"];
   resultLocalSortOriginalMongoCopyDocuments?: QueryResult["mongo_copy_documents"];
   orderByInput?: string;
+  /**
+   * Structured (sort builder) ORDER BY applied on top of `orderByInput`. Kept as
+   * a sibling field so the manual input stays editable while store-side SQL
+   * rebuilds (refresh/export/restore) still reproduce the composite sort.
+   */
+  structuredOrderByInput?: string;
   resultPageSql?: string;
   resultPageLimit?: number;
   resultPageOffset?: number;
diff --git a/packages/app-tests/dataGridInfiniteScroll.test.ts b/packages/app-tests/dataGridInfiniteScroll.test.ts
index b8591f3925..b3f9a0f12c 100644
--- a/packages/app-tests/dataGridInfiniteScroll.test.ts
+++ b/packages/app-tests/dataGridInfiniteScroll.test.ts
@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ test("load-all selects the last loaded row only after a valid append completes",
   assert.match(loadAllFn, /resolvedDatabaseType\.value === "elasticsearch" \|\| resolvedDatabaseType\.value === "easysearch"/);
   assert.match(loadAllFn, /LOAD_ALL_ROWS_CONFIRM_ROW_THRESHOLD/);
   assert.match(loadAllFn, /infiniteScrollLoadAllPending = true/);
-  assert.match(loadAllFn, /emit\("paginate", segment\.offset, segment\.limit, currentWhereInput\(\), currentOrderBy\(\), true\)/);
+  assert.match(loadAllFn, /emit\("paginate", segment\.offset, segment\.limit, currentWhereInput\(\), effectiveOrderBy\(\), true\)/);
   assert.match(source, /\(\) => \[props\.loading, props\.result\.rows\.length, props\.result\.appended_from_row_count\] as const[\s\S]*?\{ flush: "post" \}/);
   assert.match(source, /props\.result\.appended_from_row_count !== requestedOffset[\s\S]*?return;[\s\S]*?if \(shouldSelectLastRow\) selectAndRevealLastLoadedRow\(\)/);
   assert.match(source, /function selectAndRevealLastLoadedRow\(\)[\s\S]*?selectRow\(rowIndex\)[\s\S]*?remainingFrames = 12[\s\S]*?scrollCanvasRowIntoView\(rowIndex, "end"\)[\s\S]*?scrollDomRowIntoView\(rowIndex, "end"\)[\s\S]*?requestAnimationFrame\(revealWhenReady\)/);