fix(generate): stream bulk data generation with progress and configurable timeout

apps/desktop/src/components/generate/DataGenerateDialog.vue

@@ -3,14 +3,28 @@ import { reactive, ref, computed, onMounted, watch, type ComponentPublicInstance
 import { useI18n } from "vue-i18n";
 import { useConnectionStore } from "@/stores/connectionStore";
 import * as api from "@/lib/backend/api";
-import type { GenerateResult, TableGenerateConfig } from "@/lib/dataGrid/dataGenerate";
-import { displayGeneratedValue, findGeneratorKey, formatGeneratedValue, generateTableData, defaultGeneratorParams, supportsGeneratedMultiRowValues, UniqueValueGenerationError } from "@/lib/dataGrid/dataGenerate";
+import type { ColumnGenerateConfig, GenerateResult, TableGenerateConfig } from "@/lib/dataGrid/dataGenerate";
+import {
+  createTableGenerateState,
+  defaultGeneratorParams,
+  displayGeneratedValue,
+  findGeneratorKey,
+  formatGeneratedRowValues,
+  formatGeneratedValue,
+  generateInsertBatches,
+  generateTableData,
+  generateTableRowsChunk,
+  splitValueRowsByByteBudget,
+  supportsGeneratedMultiRowValues,
+  UniqueValueGenerationError,
+} from "@/lib/dataGrid/dataGenerate";
+import { errorMessage, isQueryCanceledError, summarizeBatchResults } from "@/lib/dataGrid/generateInsertAccounting";
 import { qualifiedTableName, quoteTableIdentifier } from "@/lib/table/tableSelectSql";
 import { isTauriRuntime } from "@/lib/backend/tauriRuntime";
 import { effectiveDatabaseTypeForConnection } from "@/lib/database/jdbcDialect";
 import { executeWithProductionSqlGuard } from "@/lib/database/productionExecutionGuard";
 import GeneratorParamsPanel from "./params/GeneratorParamsPanel.vue";
-import type { ColumnInfo, TableInfo } from "@/types/database";
+import type { ColumnInfo, QueryResult, TableInfo } from "@/types/database";
 
 import { Dialog, DialogHeader, DialogTitle, DialogScrollContent, DialogContent, DialogFooter } from "@/components/ui/dialog";
 import { Button } from "@/components/ui/button";
@@ -59,10 +73,36 @@ const currentStep = ref<"config" | "preview" | "result">("config");
 interface GeneratedTableResult extends GenerateResult {
   tableName: string;
   schema: string;
+  /** Rows that will actually be inserted. `rows` only holds a preview sample. */
+  targetRowCount: number;
+  isSample: boolean;
+  /** Column config after auto-increment start values have been resolved. */
+  resolvedColumns: ColumnGenerateConfig[];
 }
 const generatedResults = ref<GeneratedTableResult[]>([]);
 const generationError = ref("");
 
+/**
+ * Preview only materializes a small sample. Generating the full row set up
+ * front froze the UI for hundreds of thousands of rows and exhausted memory
+ * at millions of rows.
+ */
+const PREVIEW_SAMPLE_ROWS = 50;
+const MAX_ROW_COUNT = 100_000_000;
+const DEFAULT_BATCH_ROWS = 1000;
+/**
+ * Conservative per-statement budget. The backend clamps MySQL batches at 4MB
+ * and derives a `max_allowed_packet` margin, so staying near 1MB keeps the
+ * common 4MB / 16MB / 64MB server settings safe without extra round trips.
+ */
+const MAX_BATCH_BYTES = 1024 * 1024;
+const LARGE_ROW_COUNT_HINT = 100_000;
+
+function normalizeRowCount(value: number): number {
+  if (!Number.isFinite(value)) return 0;
+  return Math.max(0, Math.min(MAX_ROW_COUNT, Math.floor(value)));
+}
+
 const connectionName = computed(() => (props.prefillConnectionId ? store.getConfig(props.prefillConnectionId)?.name : ""));
 
 function tableKey(schema: string, table: string) {
@@ -366,7 +406,20 @@ function onPreviewColResizeStart(ci: number, event: MouseEvent) {
   document.addEventListener("pointerup", onUp);
   document.body.classList.add("select-none", "cursor-col-resize");
 }
-const currentPreview = computed<GeneratedTableResult>(() => generatedResults.value[previewTableIndex.value] ?? { tableName: "", schema: "", columns: [], rows: [], sql: "", statements: [] });
+const currentPreview = computed<GeneratedTableResult>(
+  () =>
+    generatedResults.value[previewTableIndex.value] ?? {
+      tableName: "",
+      schema: "",
+      columns: [],
+      rows: [],
+      sql: "",
+      statements: [],
+      targetRowCount: 0,
+      isSample: false,
+      resolvedColumns: [],
+    },
+);
 
 function displayPreviewCell(cell: unknown): string {
   return displayGeneratedValue(cell);
@@ -395,6 +448,19 @@ async function fetchMaxValues(cfg: TableGenerateConfig): Promise<Record<string,
   return starts;
 }
 
+function buildSampleResult(cfg: TableGenerateConfig, columns: ColumnGenerateConfig[], targetRowCount: number): GeneratedTableResult {
+  const sampleCount = Math.min(targetRowCount, PREVIEW_SAMPLE_ROWS);
+  const result = generateTableData({ ...cfg, columns, rowCount: sampleCount }, dbType.value);
+  return {
+    tableName: cfg.tableName,
+    schema: cfg.schema,
+    targetRowCount,
+    isSample: targetRowCount > sampleCount,
+    resolvedColumns: columns,
+    ...result,
+  };
+}
+
 async function doGenerate() {
   if (!Object.values(checkedTables).some(Boolean)) return;
   generationError.value = "";
@@ -416,8 +482,7 @@ async function doGenerate() {
           return col;
         });
       }
-      const result = generateTableData({ ...cfg, columns }, dbType.value);
-      results.push({ tableName: cfg.tableName, schema: cfg.schema, ...result });
+      results.push(buildSampleResult(cfg, columns, normalizeRowCount(cfg.rowCount)));
     }
   } catch (error) {
     generationError.value = generationErrorMessage(error);
@@ -447,8 +512,7 @@ async function regenerate() {
   }
   generationError.value = "";
   try {
-    const result = generateTableData({ ...cfg, columns }, dbType.value);
-    generatedResults.value[previewTableIndex.value] = { tableName: cfg.tableName, schema: cfg.schema, ...result };
+    generatedResults.value[previewTableIndex.value] = buildSampleResult(cfg, columns, normalizeRowCount(cfg.rowCount));
   } catch (error) {
     generationError.value = generationErrorMessage(error);
   }
@@ -461,7 +525,13 @@ function generationErrorMessage(error: unknown): string {
   return error instanceof Error ? error.message : String(error);
 }
 
-function copyAllSql() {
+/**
+ * Copies the script behind the preview. The preview only materializes a
+ * `PREVIEW_SAMPLE_ROWS` sample, so this is the sample script rather than the
+ * full batch — the label says so, and the insert step generates the remaining
+ * rows incrementally instead of holding them in memory.
+ */
+function copySampleSql() {
   const allSql = allSqlStatements().join("\n\n");
   void navigator.clipboard.writeText(allSql);
 }
@@ -474,6 +544,7 @@ interface TableResult {
   ok: number;
   err: number;
   error?: string;
+  cancelled?: boolean;
 }
 const executeResults = ref<TableResult[]>([]);
 
@@ -482,6 +553,9 @@ const generateOptions = reactive({
   truncate: false,
   useTransaction: true,
   extendedInsert: true,
+  /** 0 means "no timeout" — the backend maps 0 to an unbounded wait. */
+  timeoutSecs: 0,
+  batchRows: DEFAULT_BATCH_ROWS,
 });
 const supportsExtendedInsert = computed(() => supportsGeneratedMultiRowValues(dbType.value));
 watch(
@@ -494,6 +568,35 @@ watch(
 
 const optionsDialogOpen = ref(false);
 
+interface InsertProgress {
+  tableName: string;
+  tableIndex: number;
+  tableCount: number;
+  insertedRows: number;
+  totalRows: number;
+  elapsedMs: number;
+}
+const insertProgress = ref<InsertProgress | null>(null);
+const insertCancelled = ref(false);
+let activeExecutionId: string | null = null;
+
+const insertPercent = computed(() => {
+  const p = insertProgress.value;
+  if (!p || p.totalRows <= 0) return 0;
+  return Math.min(100, Math.round((p.insertedRows / p.totalRows) * 100));
+});
+
+function cancelInsert() {
+  if (!executing.value) return;
+  insertCancelled.value = true;
+  if (activeExecutionId) void api.cancelQuery(activeExecutionId);
+}
+
+function normalizeTimeoutSecs(value: number): number {
+  if (!Number.isFinite(value) || value < 0) return 0;
+  return Math.min(86_400, Math.floor(value));
+}
+
 function sqlStatementsForTable(r: GeneratedTableResult): string[] {
   const stmts: string[] = [];
   const targetTable = qualifiedTableName({ databaseType: dbType.value, schema: r.schema, tableName: r.tableName, database: props.prefillDatabase });
@@ -516,71 +619,183 @@ function allSqlStatements(): string[] {
   return generatedResults.value.flatMap((r) => sqlStatementsForTable(r));
 }
 
+/**
+ * Streams one table: generate a chunk, insert it, drop the references, repeat.
+ *
+ * Peak memory stays proportional to `batchRows` instead of the requested row
+ * count, and each awaited round trip gives the main thread a chance to paint
+ * the progress bar.
+ */
+async function streamInsertTable(cid: string, db: string, r: GeneratedTableResult, executionId: string, onRows: (insertedRows: number) => void): Promise<{ ok: number; attempted: number; error: string; cancelled: boolean }> {
+  const cfg = configs[tableKey(r.schema, r.tableName)];
+  const genCfg: TableGenerateConfig = {
+    tableName: r.tableName,
+    schema: r.schema,
+    database: props.prefillDatabase ?? cfg?.database ?? "",
+    tableType: cfg?.tableType,
+    rowCount: r.targetRowCount,
+    columns: r.resolvedColumns,
+  };
+  const state = createTableGenerateState(genCfg, dbType.value);
+  const schema = r.schema || props.prefillSchema;
+  const forceSingleRow = !generateOptions.extendedInsert;
+  const timeoutSecs = normalizeTimeoutSecs(generateOptions.timeoutSecs);
+  const batchRows = Math.max(1, Math.floor(generateOptions.batchRows) || DEFAULT_BATCH_ROWS);
+  let ok = 0;
+  let attempted = 0;
+  let lastError = "";
+  let cancelled = false;
+
+  const run = (sql: string): Promise<QueryResult[]> =>
+    api.executeMultiWithProgress(cid, db, sql, () => {}, schema, {
+      timeoutSecs,
+      useTransaction: generateOptions.useTransaction,
+      continueOnError: generateOptions.continueOnError,
+      executionId,
+    });
+
+  /**
+   * Executes one statement batch and folds the outcome into the running totals.
+   * Returns false when the caller has to stop the table.
+   *
+   * The returned per-statement results are inspected instead of trusting the
+   * `await`: several backend paths report a failed statement inside the result
+   * array while still resolving, so counting rows on the await alone would
+   * report failed batches as inserted.
+   */
+  const executeBatch = async (statements: string[], rowsPerStatement: number[]): Promise<boolean> => {
+    const expectedRows = rowsPerStatement.reduce((sum, rows) => sum + rows, 0);
+    attempted += expectedRows;
+    try {
+      const results = await run(statements.join("\n"));
+      // A row-carrying batch that comes back without per-statement results is
+      // unconfirmed; counting it would over-report inserts.
+      if (expectedRows > 0 && (!results || results.length === 0)) {
+        if (!lastError) lastError = "Backend returned no result for the batch";
+        return generateOptions.continueOnError;
+      }
+      const outcome = summarizeBatchResults(results, rowsPerStatement);
+      ok += outcome.insertedRows;
+      if (!outcome.failed) return true;
+      if (!lastError) lastError = outcome.error ?? "Statement failed";
+      console.error("[startInsert] SQL error:", lastError);
+      return generateOptions.continueOnError;
+    } catch (e: unknown) {
+      // Cancelling a transaction or a single-statement round trip surfaces as
+      // an error, so it has to be told apart from a real failure.
+      if (insertCancelled.value || isQueryCanceledError(e)) {
+        cancelled = true;
+        return false;
+      }
+      const msg = errorMessage(e);
+      console.error("[startInsert] SQL error:", msg);
+      if (!lastError) lastError = msg;
+      return generateOptions.continueOnError;
+    }
+  };
+
+  const finish = () => ({ ok, attempted, error: cancelled ? "" : lastError, cancelled });
+
+  if (generateOptions.truncate) {
+    const targetTable = qualifiedTableName({ databaseType: dbType.value, schema: r.schema, tableName: r.tableName, database: props.prefillDatabase });
+    // TRUNCATE carries no generated rows, so it only gates the rest of the run.
+    const truncateOk = await executeBatch([`TRUNCATE TABLE ${targetTable};`], [0]);
+    if (!truncateOk) return finish();
+  }
+
+  while (state.nextIndex < r.targetRowCount && !insertCancelled.value) {
+    let valueRows: string[];
+    try {
+      const chunkRows = generateTableRowsChunk(genCfg, state, batchRows);
+      if (chunkRows.length === 0) break;
+      valueRows = chunkRows.map((row) => formatGeneratedRowValues(genCfg, dbType.value, state, row));
+    } catch (e: unknown) {
+      // Generation failures (unique space exhausted at row 500k, say) must not
+      // discard the rows that earlier chunks already inserted.
+      if (!lastError) lastError = generationErrorMessage(e);
+      return finish();
+    }
+
+    for (const group of splitValueRowsByByteBudget(state, valueRows, MAX_BATCH_BYTES)) {
+      const { statements, rowsPerStatement } = generateInsertBatches(dbType.value, state, group, forceSingleRow);
+      if (statements.length === 0) continue;
+      const keepGoing = await executeBatch(statements, rowsPerStatement);
+      onRows(ok);
+      if (!keepGoing) return finish();
+    }
+    onRows(ok);
+    // Yield so the progress bar repaints between chunks.
+    await new Promise((resolve) => setTimeout(resolve, 0));
+  }
+
+  if (insertCancelled.value) cancelled = true;
+  return finish();
+}
+
 async function startInsert() {
   if (executing.value || generationError.value) return;
   const cid = props.prefillConnectionId;
   const db = props.prefillDatabase;
   if (!cid || !db) return;
-  const sql = allSqlStatements().join("\n");
-  if (!sql.trim()) return;
+  const targets = generatedResults.value.filter((r) => r.targetRowCount > 0 && r.resolvedColumns.length > 0);
+  if (targets.length === 0) return;
+  const guardSql = allSqlStatements().join("\n") || `INSERT INTO ${targets[0].tableName}`;
   try {
     await executeWithProductionSqlGuard({
       connection: store.getConfig(cid),
       database: db,
-      sql,
+      sql: guardSql,
       source: t("production.sourceDataGenerate"),
       execute: async () => {
         executing.value = true;
+        insertCancelled.value = false;
+        const executionId = crypto.randomUUID();
+        activeExecutionId = executionId;
+        const startedAt = performance.now();
         const perTable: TableResult[] = [];
-        let stopAfterTable = false;
-        for (const r of generatedResults.value) {
-          const stmts = sqlStatementsForTable(r);
-          const rowCount = r.rows.length;
-          let ok = 0;
-          let lastError = "";
-
-          const executeAsStatementGroup = generateOptions.useTransaction && !supportsGeneratedMultiRowValues(dbType.value);
-          if (executeAsStatementGroup) {
+        let stopAll = false;
+        try {
+          for (let ti = 0; ti < targets.length && !stopAll; ti++) {
+            const r = targets[ti];
+            insertProgress.value = {
+              tableName: r.tableName,
+              tableIndex: ti + 1,
+              tableCount: targets.length,
+              insertedRows: 0,
+              totalRows: r.targetRowCount,
+              elapsedMs: 0,
+            };
+            let outcome: { ok: number; attempted: number; error: string; cancelled: boolean };
+            let insertedSoFar = 0;
             try {
-              await api.executeInTransaction(cid, db, stmts, r.schema || props.prefillSchema);
-              ok = rowCount;
+              outcome = await streamInsertTable(cid, db, r, executionId, (insertedRows) => {
+                insertedSoFar = insertedRows;
+                if (insertProgress.value) {
+                  insertProgress.value = { ...insertProgress.value, insertedRows, elapsedMs: Math.round(performance.now() - startedAt) };
+                }
+              });
             } catch (e: unknown) {
-              const msg = e instanceof Error ? e.message : String(e);
-              console.error("[startInsert] SQL error:", msg);
-              lastError = msg;
-              stopAfterTable = !generateOptions.continueOnError;
+              // Safety net: even an unexpected throw must not hide the rows that
+              // earlier batches already inserted.
+              const wasCancelled = insertCancelled.value || isQueryCanceledError(e);
+              outcome = { ok: insertedSoFar, attempted: insertedSoFar, error: wasCancelled ? "" : errorMessage(e), cancelled: wasCancelled };
             }
-          } else {
-            const usesMultiRowStatement = generateOptions.extendedInsert && supportsGeneratedMultiRowValues(dbType.value);
-            for (let si = 0; si < stmts.length; si++) {
-              try {
-                if (generateOptions.useTransaction) {
-                  await api.executeInTransaction(cid, db, [stmts[si]], r.schema || props.prefillSchema);
-                } else {
-                  await api.executeQuery(cid, db, stmts[si], r.schema || props.prefillSchema);
-                }
-                if (usesMultiRowStatement) {
-                  ok = rowCount;
-                } else if (!(generateOptions.truncate && si === 0)) {
-                  ok++;
-                }
-              } catch (e: unknown) {
-                const msg = e instanceof Error ? e.message : String(e);
-                console.error("[startInsert] SQL error:", msg);
-                if (!lastError) lastError = msg;
-                if (usesMultiRowStatement) ok = 0;
-                if (!generateOptions.continueOnError) {
-                  stopAfterTable = true;
-                  break;
-                }
-              }
+            const failedRows = Math.max(0, Math.max(outcome.attempted, outcome.ok) - outcome.ok);
+            perTable.push({
+              table: r.tableName,
+              total: r.targetRowCount,
+              ok: outcome.ok,
+              err: failedRows,
+              error: outcome.error || undefined,
+              cancelled: outcome.cancelled || undefined,
+            });
+            if (outcome.ok > 0) {
+              store.invalidateMetadataCache(cid, db, r.schema || props.prefillSchema || undefined, r.tableName);
             }
+            if ((outcome.error && !generateOptions.continueOnError) || outcome.cancelled) stopAll = true;
           }
-          perTable.push({ table: r.tableName, total: rowCount, ok, err: rowCount - ok, error: lastError || undefined });
-          if (ok > 0) {
-            store.invalidateMetadataCache(cid, db, r.schema || props.prefillSchema || undefined, r.tableName);
-          }
-          if (stopAfterTable) break;
+        } finally {
+          activeExecutionId = null;
         }
         executeResults.value = perTable;
         currentStep.value = "result";
@@ -589,6 +804,7 @@ async function startInsert() {
     });
   } finally {
     executing.value = false;
+    insertProgress.value = null;
   }
 }
 
@@ -919,8 +1135,11 @@ async function onFileSelected(event: Event) {
                   </div>
                   <div class="flex items-center gap-3 rounded-md bg-muted/20 px-3 py-2">
                     <Label class="text-xs shrink-0">{{ t("dataGenerate.rowCount") }}:</Label>
-                    <Input v-model.number="activeCfg.rowCount" class="h-7 w-24 text-xs" />
+                    <Input v-model.number="activeCfg.rowCount" type="number" min="0" :max="MAX_ROW_COUNT" class="h-7 w-28 text-xs" @blur="activeCfg.rowCount = normalizeRowCount(activeCfg.rowCount)" />
                   </div>
+                  <p v-if="activeCfg.rowCount > LARGE_ROW_COUNT_HINT" class="px-1 text-[11px] leading-relaxed text-muted-foreground">
+                    {{ t("dataGenerate.largeRowCountHint", { count: activeCfg.rowCount.toLocaleString() }) }}
+                  </p>
                 </div>
               </template>
             </div>
@@ -951,9 +1170,24 @@ async function onFileSelected(event: Event) {
                   <option v-for="(r, i) in generatedResults" :key="i" :value="i">{{ r.tableName }}</option>
                 </select>
                 <span v-else class="text-sm font-medium">{{ generatedResults[0].tableName }}</span>
-                <span class="text-xs text-muted-foreground">{{ t("dataGenerate.previewRowCount", { count: currentPreview.rows.length }) }}</span>
+                <span class="text-xs text-muted-foreground">{{ t("dataGenerate.previewRowCount", { count: currentPreview.targetRowCount }) }}</span>
+              </div>
+              <Button variant="outline" size="sm" class="h-7 text-xs" :disabled="executing" @click="regenerate">{{ t("dataGenerate.regenerate") }}</Button>
+            </div>
+            <div v-if="executing && insertProgress" class="space-y-1.5 border-b bg-muted/10 px-3 py-2">
+              <div class="flex items-center justify-between gap-2 text-xs">
+                <span class="truncate text-muted-foreground">
+                  {{ t("dataGenerate.insertingTable", { table: insertProgress.tableName, index: insertProgress.tableIndex, count: insertProgress.tableCount }) }}
+                </span>
+                <span class="shrink-0 font-medium tabular-nums">{{ insertProgress.insertedRows.toLocaleString() }} / {{ insertProgress.totalRows.toLocaleString() }}</span>
+              </div>
+              <div class="h-1.5 w-full overflow-hidden rounded-full bg-muted">
+                <div class="h-full bg-primary transition-[width] duration-150" :style="{ width: insertPercent + '%' }" />
+              </div>
+              <div class="flex items-center justify-between text-[11px] text-muted-foreground">
+                <span>{{ insertPercent }}%</span>
+                <span>{{ t("dataGenerate.elapsed", { seconds: Math.round(insertProgress.elapsedMs / 1000) }) }}</span>
               </div>
-              <Button variant="outline" size="sm" class="h-7 text-xs" @click="regenerate">{{ t("dataGenerate.regenerate") }}</Button>
             </div>
             <div class="flex flex-col h-[380px]">
               <div class="flex-1 overflow-auto overscroll-none bg-background">
@@ -982,7 +1216,9 @@ async function onFileSelected(event: Event) {
                     </tr>
                   </tbody>
                 </table>
-                <div v-if="currentPreview.rows.length > 50" class="sticky left-0 text-xs text-muted-foreground px-3 py-1.5 border-t border-border bg-background">{{ t("dataGenerate.first50Rows", { count: currentPreview.rows.length }) }}</div>
+                <div v-if="currentPreview.isSample" class="sticky left-0 text-xs text-muted-foreground px-3 py-1.5 border-t border-border bg-background">
+                  {{ t("dataGenerate.samplePreviewNotice", { shown: currentPreview.rows.length, count: currentPreview.targetRowCount }) }}
+                </div>
               </div>
             </div>
           </template>
@@ -1003,6 +1239,7 @@ async function onFileSelected(event: Event) {
                 </span>
               </div>
               <div v-if="r.error" class="mt-1 text-destructive/80 break-all leading-relaxed">{{ r.error }}</div>
+              <div v-else-if="r.cancelled" class="mt-1 text-muted-foreground">{{ t("dataGenerate.cancelledLabel") }}</div>
             </div>
           </div>
           <div v-if="executeResults.length === 0" class="flex h-24 items-center justify-center text-xs text-muted-foreground">{{ t("dataGenerate.noResult") }}</div>
@@ -1030,7 +1267,7 @@ async function onFileSelected(event: Event) {
             </Button>
           </template>
           <template v-else-if="currentStep === 'preview' && generatedResults.length > 0">
-            <Button variant="outline" size="sm" class="h-7 text-xs" @click="copyAllSql">{{ t("dataGenerate.copyAllSql") }}</Button>
+            <Button variant="outline" size="sm" class="h-7 text-xs" @click="copySampleSql">{{ t("dataGenerate.copySampleSql") }}</Button>
           </template>
         </div>
         <div class="flex items-center gap-2">
@@ -1044,7 +1281,8 @@ async function onFileSelected(event: Event) {
             </Button>
           </template>
           <template v-else-if="currentStep === 'preview'">
-            <Button variant="outline" size="sm" class="h-7 text-xs" @click="currentStep = 'config'">{{ t("dataGenerate.prevStep") }}</Button>
+            <Button variant="outline" size="sm" class="h-7 text-xs" :disabled="!executing" @click="cancelInsert">{{ t("dataGenerate.cancelInsert") }}</Button>
+            <Button variant="outline" size="sm" class="h-7 text-xs" :disabled="executing" @click="currentStep = 'config'">{{ t("dataGenerate.prevStep") }}</Button>
             <Button variant="default" size="sm" class="h-7 text-xs" :disabled="executing || !!generationError" @click="startInsert">
               <Loader2 v-if="executing" class="mr-1 h-3 w-3 animate-spin" />
               {{ t("dataGenerate.startInsert") }}
@@ -1081,6 +1319,16 @@ async function onFileSelected(event: Event) {
             <input type="checkbox" v-model="generateOptions.extendedInsert" class="h-4 w-4 accent-primary" :disabled="!supportsExtendedInsert" />
             <span class="text-xs">{{ t("dataGenerate.extendedInsert") }}</span>
           </label>
+          <div class="flex items-center gap-3">
+            <Label class="text-xs shrink-0">{{ t("dataGenerate.timeoutSecs") }}:</Label>
+            <Input v-model.number="generateOptions.timeoutSecs" type="number" min="0" max="86400" class="h-7 w-24 text-xs" @blur="generateOptions.timeoutSecs = normalizeTimeoutSecs(generateOptions.timeoutSecs)" />
+          </div>
+          <p class="text-[11px] leading-relaxed text-muted-foreground">{{ t("dataGenerate.timeoutHint") }}</p>
+          <div class="flex items-center gap-3">
+            <Label class="text-xs shrink-0">{{ t("dataGenerate.batchRows") }}:</Label>
+            <Input v-model.number="generateOptions.batchRows" type="number" min="1" max="100000" class="h-7 w-24 text-xs" />
+          </div>
+          <p class="text-[11px] leading-relaxed text-muted-foreground">{{ t("dataGenerate.batchRowsHint") }}</p>
         </div>
         <DialogFooter>
           <Button size="sm" class="h-7 text-xs" @click="optionsDialogOpen = false">{{ t("dataGenerate.ok") }}</Button>

apps/desktop/src/i18n/locales/en.ts

@@ -5643,7 +5643,7 @@ export default {
     successLabel: "{count} succeeded",
     failLabel: "{count} failed",
     totalLabel: "/ {count} entries",
-    copyAllSql: "Copy All SQL",
+    copySampleSql: "Copy sample SQL",
     prevStep: "Previous",
     startInsert: "Start Insert",
     confirm: "Confirm",
@@ -5869,6 +5869,16 @@ export default {
       drivers_license: "Driver's License",
       custom: "Custom",
     },
+    insertingTable: "Writing to {table} (table {index}/{count})",
+    elapsed: "{seconds}s elapsed",
+    samplePreviewNotice: "Showing the first {shown} sample rows; all {count} rows are generated while inserting",
+    largeRowCountHint: "Large row count ({count}); rows are generated and inserted in batches and you can cancel at any time",
+    timeoutSecs: "Timeout (seconds)",
+    timeoutHint: "0 means no timeout; keep 0 or raise it for large data volumes",
+    batchRows: "Rows per batch",
+    batchRowsHint: "Rows generated and inserted per round trip; oversized batches are split automatically",
+    cancelInsert: "Cancel insert",
+    cancelledLabel: "Cancelled; rows already written remain in the table",
   },
   tableToolbox: {
     title: "Data Tools",

apps/desktop/src/i18n/locales/es.ts

@@ -5363,7 +5363,7 @@ export default withEnglishFallback({
     successLabel: "{count} exitosas",
     failLabel: "{count} fallidas",
     totalLabel: "/ {count} filas",
-    copyAllSql: "Copy All SQL",
+    copySampleSql: "Copiar SQL de ejemplo",
     prevStep: "Anterior",
     startInsert: "Start Insert",
     confirm: "Confirmar",
@@ -5589,6 +5589,16 @@ export default withEnglishFallback({
       drivers_license: "Carnet de conducir",
       custom: "Personalizado",
     },
+    insertingTable: "Escribiendo en {table} (tabla {index}/{count})",
+    elapsed: "{seconds} s transcurridos",
+    samplePreviewNotice: "Se muestran las primeras {shown} filas de ejemplo; las {count} filas se generan al insertar",
+    largeRowCountHint: "Número de filas elevado ({count}); se generan e insertan por lotes y puede cancelar en cualquier momento",
+    timeoutSecs: "Tiempo de espera (segundos)",
+    timeoutHint: "0 significa sin límite; mantenga 0 o auméntelo para grandes volúmenes",
+    batchRows: "Filas por lote",
+    batchRowsHint: "Filas generadas e insertadas en cada envío; los lotes grandes se dividen automáticamente",
+    cancelInsert: "Cancelar inserción",
+    cancelledLabel: "Cancelado; las filas ya insertadas permanecen en la tabla",
   },
   tableToolbox: {
     title: "Herramientas de datos",

apps/desktop/src/i18n/locales/it.ts

@@ -5361,7 +5361,7 @@ export default withEnglishFallback({
     successLabel: "{count} riuscite",
     failLabel: "{count} non riuscite",
     totalLabel: "/ {count} righe",
-    copyAllSql: "Copia tutto SQL",
+    copySampleSql: "Copia SQL di esempio",
     prevStep: "Precedente",
     startInsert: "Avvia inserimento",
     confirm: "Conferma",
@@ -5587,6 +5587,16 @@ export default withEnglishFallback({
       drivers_license: "Patente di guida",
       custom: "Personalizzato",
     },
+    insertingTable: "Scrittura in {table} (tabella {index}/{count})",
+    elapsed: "{seconds}s trascorsi",
+    samplePreviewNotice: "Prime {shown} righe di esempio; le {count} righe vengono generate durante l'inserimento",
+    largeRowCountHint: "Numero elevato di righe ({count}); le righe vengono generate e inserite in batch ed è possibile annullare in qualsiasi momento",
+    timeoutSecs: "Timeout (secondi)",
+    timeoutHint: "0 significa nessun timeout; mantieni 0 o aumentalo per grandi volumi",
+    batchRows: "Righe per batch",
+    batchRowsHint: "Righe generate e inserite per invio; i batch troppo grandi vengono divisi automaticamente",
+    cancelInsert: "Annulla inserimento",
+    cancelledLabel: "Annullato; le righe già scritte restano nella tabella",
   },
   tableToolbox: {
     title: "Strumenti dati",

apps/desktop/src/i18n/locales/ja.ts

@@ -5399,7 +5399,7 @@ export default withEnglishFallback({
     successLabel: "{count}件成功",
     failLabel: "{count}件失敗",
     totalLabel: "/ {count}エントリ",
-    copyAllSql: "すべてのSQLをコピー",
+    copySampleSql: "サンプル SQL をコピー",
     prevStep: "戻る",
     startInsert: "挿入開始",
     confirm: "確認",
@@ -5625,6 +5625,16 @@ export default withEnglishFallback({
       drivers_license: "運転免許証",
       custom: "カスタム",
     },
+    insertingTable: "{table} に書き込み中（{index}/{count} テーブル）",
+    elapsed: "経過時間 {seconds} 秒",
+    samplePreviewNotice: "先頭 {shown} 行はサンプルです。{count} 行は挿入時に順次生成されます",
+    largeRowCountHint: "行数が多いため（{count} 行）、生成と挿入をバッチで行います。いつでもキャンセルできます",
+    timeoutSecs: "タイムアウト（秒）",
+    timeoutHint: "0 はタイムアウトなしです。大量データでは 0 のままにするか、より長い時間を設定してください",
+    batchRows: "1 バッチの行数",
+    batchRowsHint: "1 回で生成・挿入する行数。上限を超える場合は自動的に分割されます",
+    cancelInsert: "挿入をキャンセル",
+    cancelledLabel: "キャンセルしました。書き込み済みの行はテーブルに残ります",
   },
   tableToolbox: {
     title: "データツール",

apps/desktop/src/i18n/locales/ko.ts

@@ -5060,7 +5060,7 @@ export default withEnglishFallback({
     successLabel: "{count}개 성공",
     failLabel: "{count}개 실패",
     totalLabel: "/ {count}개 항목",
-    copyAllSql: "모든 SQL 복사",
+    copySampleSql: "샘플 SQL 복사",
     prevStep: "이전",
     startInsert: "삽입 시작",
     confirm: "확인",
@@ -5286,6 +5286,16 @@ export default withEnglishFallback({
       drivers_license: "운전면허증",
       custom: "사용자 지정",
     },
+    insertingTable: "{table}에 쓰는 중 (표 {index}/{count})",
+    elapsed: "{seconds}초 경과",
+    samplePreviewNotice: "앞의 {shown}행은 예시입니다. 전체 {count}행은 삽입할 때 생성됩니다",
+    largeRowCountHint: "행 수가 많습니다({count}행). 배치로 생성과 삽입을 진행하며 언제든 취소할 수 있습니다",
+    timeoutSecs: "제한 시간(초)",
+    timeoutHint: "0이면 제한 시간 없음입니다. 대량 데이터에서는 0을 유지하거나 더 길게 설정하세요",
+    batchRows: "배치당 행 수",
+    batchRowsHint: "한 번에 생성하고 삽입할 행 수입니다. 서버 한도를 넘으면 자동으로 분할됩니다",
+    cancelInsert: "삽입 취소",
+    cancelledLabel: "취소되었습니다. 이미 삽입된 행은 테이블에 남습니다",
   },
   tableToolbox: {
     title: "데이터 도구",

apps/desktop/src/i18n/locales/pt-BR.ts

@@ -5363,7 +5363,7 @@ export default withEnglishFallback({
     successLabel: "{count} bem-sucedidas",
     failLabel: "{count} falhas",
     totalLabel: "/ {count} linhas",
-    copyAllSql: "Copy All SQL",
+    copySampleSql: "Copiar SQL de exemplo",
     prevStep: "Anterior",
     startInsert: "Start Insert",
     confirm: "Confirmar",
@@ -5589,6 +5589,16 @@ export default withEnglishFallback({
       drivers_license: "Carteira de motorista",
       custom: "Personalizado",
     },
+    insertingTable: "Gravando em {table} (tabela {index}/{count})",
+    elapsed: "{seconds}s decorridos",
+    samplePreviewNotice: "Exibindo as primeiras {shown} linhas de exemplo; as {count} linhas são geradas durante a inserção",
+    largeRowCountHint: "Grande número de linhas ({count}); as linhas são geradas e inseridas em lotes e você pode cancelar a qualquer momento",
+    timeoutSecs: "Tempo limite (segundos)",
+    timeoutHint: "0 significa sem limite; mantenha 0 ou aumente para grandes volumes",
+    batchRows: "Linhas por lote",
+    batchRowsHint: "Linhas geradas e inseridas por envio; lotes grandes são divididos automaticamente",
+    cancelInsert: "Cancelar inserção",
+    cancelledLabel: "Cancelado; as linhas já gravadas permanecem na tabela",
   },
   tableToolbox: {
     title: "Ferramentas de dados",

apps/desktop/src/i18n/locales/tr.ts

@@ -5633,7 +5633,7 @@ export default withEnglishFallback({
     successLabel: "{count} başarılı",
     failLabel: "{count} başarısız",
     totalLabel: "/ {count} girdi",
-    copyAllSql: "Tüm SQL'i Kopyala",
+    copySampleSql: "Örnek SQL'i kopyala",
     prevStep: "Geri",
     startInsert: "Eklemeyi Başlat",
     confirm: "Onayla",
@@ -5859,6 +5859,16 @@ export default withEnglishFallback({
       drivers_license: "Sürücü Belgesi",
       custom: "Özel",
     },
+    insertingTable: "{table} yazılıyor (tablo {index}/{count})",
+    elapsed: "{seconds}s geçti",
+    samplePreviewNotice: "İlk {shown} örnek satır gösteriliyor; {count} satır ekleme sırasında oluşturulur",
+    largeRowCountHint: "Satır sayısı yüksek ({count}); satırlar toplu olarak oluşturulup eklenir ve istediğiniz zaman iptal edebilirsiniz",
+    timeoutSecs: "Zaman aşımı (saniye)",
+    timeoutHint: "0 sınırsız anlamına gelir; büyük verilerde 0 olarak bırakın veya daha uzun bir süre ayarlayın",
+    batchRows: "Toplu iş başına satır",
+    batchRowsHint: "Her gönderimde oluşturulup eklenen satır sayısı; büyük toplu işler otomatik olarak bölünür",
+    cancelInsert: "Eklemeyi iptal et",
+    cancelledLabel: "İptal edildi; yazılan satırlar tabloda kalır",
   },
   tableToolbox: {
     title: "Veri Araçları",

apps/desktop/src/i18n/locales/zh-CN.ts

@@ -5627,7 +5627,7 @@ export default withEnglishFallback({
     successLabel: "{count} 成功",
     failLabel: "{count} 失败",
     totalLabel: "/ {count} 条",
-    copyAllSql: "复制全部 SQL",
+    copySampleSql: "复制样例 SQL",
     prevStep: "上一步",
     startInsert: "开始插入",
     confirm: "确定",
@@ -5853,6 +5853,16 @@ export default withEnglishFallback({
       drivers_license: "驾驶证号",
       custom: "自定义",
     },
+    insertingTable: "正在写入 {table}（第 {index}/{count} 张表）",
+    elapsed: "已用时 {seconds} 秒",
+    samplePreviewNotice: "以上为前 {shown} 行样例数据，共 {count} 行将在插入时流式生成",
+    largeRowCountHint: "行数较大（{count} 行），插入时将采用边生成边写入的批量模式，可随时取消",
+    timeoutSecs: "超时时间（秒）",
+    timeoutHint: "0 表示不限制超时；数据量较大时建议保持 0 或设置更长时间",
+    batchRows: "每批行数",
+    batchRowsHint: "每次生成并写入的行数；超过服务端报文上限时会自动再拆分",
+    cancelInsert: "取消插入",
+    cancelledLabel: "已取消，已写入的行保留在表中",
   },
   tableToolbox: {
     title: "数据工具",

apps/desktop/src/i18n/locales/zh-TW.ts

@@ -4683,7 +4683,7 @@ export default withEnglishFallback({
     successLabel: "{count} 成功",
     failLabel: "{count} 失敗",
     totalLabel: "/ {count} 條",
-    copyAllSql: "複製全部 SQL",
+    copySampleSql: "複製範例 SQL",
     prevStep: "上一步",
     startInsert: "開始插入",
     confirm: "確定",
@@ -4909,6 +4909,16 @@ export default withEnglishFallback({
       drivers_license: "駕駛證號",
       custom: "自訂",
     },
+    insertingTable: "正在寫入 {table}（第 {index}/{count} 張表）",
+    elapsed: "已用時 {seconds} 秒",
+    samplePreviewNotice: "以上為前 {shown} 列範例資料，共 {count} 列將在插入時串流產生",
+    largeRowCountHint: "列數較大（{count} 列），插入時將採用邊產生邊寫入的批次模式，可隨時取消",
+    timeoutSecs: "逾時時間（秒）",
+    timeoutHint: "0 表示不限制逾時；資料量較大時建議保持 0 或設定更長時間",
+    batchRows: "每批列數",
+    batchRowsHint: "每次產生並寫入的列數；超過伺服端封包上限時會自動再拆分",
+    cancelInsert: "取消插入",
+    cancelledLabel: "已取消，已寫入的列保留在表中",
   },
   tableToolbox: {
     title: "數據工具",

apps/desktop/src/lib/dataGrid/dataGenerate.ts

@@ -1827,24 +1827,62 @@ function generateTdengineChildTableName(): string {
   return `dbx_gen_${Date.now().toString(36)}_${randomSuffix}`;
 }
 
-export function generateTableData(config: TableGenerateConfig, databaseType?: DatabaseType): GenerateResult {
+/**
+ * Cross-chunk generation state.
+ *
+ * Bulk generation is streamed one chunk at a time so the UI never holds the
+ * full row set in memory. Anything that must stay coherent across chunks
+ * (uniqueness sets, TDengine tag values, the global row index, the TDengine
+ * child-table name) therefore has to live outside the chunk function.
+ */
+export interface TableGenerateChunkState {
+  readonly isTdengineStable: boolean;
+  readonly shouldAddTbname: boolean;
+  readonly tbname: string | null;
+  readonly colNames: string[];
+  readonly targetTable: string;
+  readonly columnList: string;
+  readonly insertPrefix: string;
+  readonly uniqueValues: (Set<string> | null)[];
+  readonly tagValues: Map<string, unknown>;
+  nextIndex: number;
+}
+
+export function createTableGenerateState(config: TableGenerateConfig, databaseType?: DatabaseType): TableGenerateChunkState {
   const isTdengineStable = isTdengineStableGenerate(config, databaseType);
   const hasTbnameColumn = config.columns.some((column) => column.columnName.toLowerCase() === "tbname");
   const shouldAddTbname = isTdengineStable && !hasTbnameColumn;
-  const tdengineChildTableName = shouldAddTbname ? generateTdengineChildTableName() : null;
-  const tagValues = new Map<string, unknown>();
-  const uniqueValues = config.columns.map((column) => (column.generatorParams?.unique ? new Set<string>() : null));
   const colNames = shouldAddTbname ? ["tbname", ...config.columns.map((c) => c.columnName)] : config.columns.map((c) => c.columnName);
-  const rows: unknown[][] = [];
+  const columnList = colNames.map((column) => quoteTableIdentifier(databaseType, column)).join(", ");
+  const targetTable = qualifiedTableName({ databaseType, schema: config.schema, tableName: config.tableName, database: config.database });
+  return {
+    isTdengineStable,
+    shouldAddTbname,
+    tbname: shouldAddTbname ? generateTdengineChildTableName() : null,
+    colNames,
+    targetTable,
+    columnList,
+    insertPrefix: `INSERT INTO ${targetTable} (${columnList}) VALUES`,
+    uniqueValues: config.columns.map((column) => (column.generatorParams?.unique ? new Set<string>() : null)),
+    tagValues: new Map<string, unknown>(),
+    nextIndex: 0,
+  };
+}
 
-  for (let i = 0; i < config.rowCount; i++) {
+/** Generates the next `chunkSize` rows (or whatever remains) and advances `state.nextIndex`. */
+export function generateTableRowsChunk(config: TableGenerateConfig, state: TableGenerateChunkState, chunkSize: number): unknown[][] {
+  const rows: unknown[][] = [];
+  if (chunkSize <= 0) return rows;
+  const total = Math.max(0, config.rowCount);
+  const end = Math.min(total, state.nextIndex + chunkSize);
+  for (let i = state.nextIndex; i < end; i++) {
     const row = config.columns.map((col, columnIndex) => {
-      if (isTdengineStable && col.isTag && tagValues.has(col.columnName)) {
-        return tagValues.get(col.columnName);
+      if (state.isTdengineStable && col.isTag && state.tagValues.has(col.columnName)) {
+        return state.tagValues.get(col.columnName);
       }
       let value: unknown;
       if (col.generatorParams?.unique) {
-        const seen = uniqueValues[columnIndex]!;
+        const seen = state.uniqueValues[columnIndex]!;
         let found = false;
         for (let attempt = 0; attempt < MAX_UNIQUE_GENERATION_ATTEMPTS; attempt++) {
           value = generateValue(col.columnName, col.dataType, col.generatorKey, i, col.generatorParams, col.isAutoIncrement ? null : col.columnDefault);
@@ -1861,29 +1899,98 @@ export function generateTableData(config: TableGenerateConfig, databaseType?: Da
       } else {
         value = generateValue(col.columnName, col.dataType, col.generatorKey, i, col.generatorParams, col.isAutoIncrement ? null : col.columnDefault);
       }
-      if (isTdengineStable && col.isTag) {
-        tagValues.set(col.columnName, value);
+      if (state.isTdengineStable && col.isTag) {
+        state.tagValues.set(col.columnName, value);
       }
       return value;
     });
-    rows.push(shouldAddTbname ? [tdengineChildTableName, ...row] : row);
+    rows.push(state.tbname !== null ? [state.tbname, ...row] : row);
   }
+  state.nextIndex = end;
+  return rows;
+}
 
-  const quotedCols = colNames.map((column) => quoteTableIdentifier(databaseType, column));
-  const targetTable = qualifiedTableName({ databaseType, schema: config.schema, tableName: config.tableName, database: config.database });
-  const columnList = quotedCols.join(", ");
-  const insertPrefix = `INSERT INTO ${targetTable} (${columnList}) VALUES`;
-  const valueRows = rows.map(
-    (row) =>
-      `(${row
-        .map((value, index) => {
-          const configIndex = shouldAddTbname ? index - 1 : index;
-          return formatGeneratedValue(value, databaseType, configIndex >= 0 ? config.columns[configIndex]?.dataType : undefined);
-        })
-        .join(", ")})`,
-  );
-  const statements = databaseType === "oracle" ? buildOracleInsertStatements(targetTable, columnList, valueRows) : supportsGeneratedMultiRowValues(databaseType) ? [`${insertPrefix}\n${valueRows.join(",\n")};`] : valueRows.map((values) => `${insertPrefix} ${values};`);
-  const sql = statements.join("\n");
+export function formatGeneratedRowValues(config: TableGenerateConfig, databaseType: DatabaseType | undefined, state: TableGenerateChunkState, row: unknown[]): string {
+  const values = row
+    .map((value, index) => {
+      const configIndex = state.shouldAddTbname ? index - 1 : index;
+      return formatGeneratedValue(value, databaseType, configIndex >= 0 ? config.columns[configIndex]?.dataType : undefined);
+    })
+    .join(", ");
+  return `(${values})`;
+}
 
-  return { columns: colNames, rows, sql, statements };
+/**
+ * Builds the INSERT statements for a batch together with the number of value
+ * rows each statement carries.
+ *
+ * `rowsPerStatement` is aligned index-by-index with `statements`, so a caller
+ * that executes the statements can map each returned per-statement result back
+ * to the rows it inserted. This is what makes failed-batch accounting possible
+ * on backends that report failures inside the result array instead of throwing.
+ */
+export function generateInsertBatches(databaseType: DatabaseType | undefined, state: TableGenerateChunkState, valueRows: string[], forceSingleRow = false): { statements: string[]; rowsPerStatement: number[] } {
+  if (databaseType === "oracle") {
+    const statements = buildOracleInsertStatements(state.targetTable, state.columnList, valueRows);
+    return { statements, rowsPerStatement: oracleRowsPerStatement(valueRows, statements) };
+  }
+  if (!supportsGeneratedMultiRowValues(databaseType) || forceSingleRow) {
+    return { statements: valueRows.map((values) => `${state.insertPrefix} ${values};`), rowsPerStatement: valueRows.map(() => 1) };
+  }
+  if (valueRows.length === 0) return { statements: [], rowsPerStatement: [] };
+  return { statements: [`${state.insertPrefix}\n${valueRows.join(",\n")};`], rowsPerStatement: [valueRows.length] };
+}
+
+/**
+ * Oracle batches INSERT ALL statements `ORACLE_INSERT_ALL_BATCH_SIZE` rows at a
+ * time, so the per-statement row counts have to mirror that chunking.
+ */
+function oracleRowsPerStatement(valueRows: string[], statements: string[]): number[] {
+  if (statements.length === 0) return [];
+  // A single value row is emitted as a plain VALUES statement, not INSERT ALL.
+  if (valueRows.length === 1) return [1];
+  const counts: number[] = [];
+  for (let remaining = valueRows.length; remaining > 0; remaining -= ORACLE_INSERT_ALL_BATCH_SIZE) {
+    counts.push(Math.min(ORACLE_INSERT_ALL_BATCH_SIZE, remaining));
+  }
+  return counts;
+}
+
+export function buildGenerateInsertStatements(databaseType: DatabaseType | undefined, state: TableGenerateChunkState, valueRows: string[], forceSingleRow = false): string[] {
+  return generateInsertBatches(databaseType, state, valueRows, forceSingleRow).statements;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Splits formatted value rows into statement groups that stay within a byte budget.
+ *
+ * Servers reject statements larger than `max_allowed_packet`, so an oversized
+ * multi-row INSERT has to be cut into several statements before it is sent.
+ * Splitting happens after generation (never by rewinding the generator state)
+ * so uniqueness bookkeeping stays intact.
+ */
+export function splitValueRowsByByteBudget(state: TableGenerateChunkState, valueRows: string[], maxBytes: number): string[][] {
+  if (maxBytes <= 0) return valueRows.length > 0 ? [valueRows] : [];
+  const groups: string[][] = [];
+  let current: string[] = [];
+  let currentBytes = 0;
+  for (const values of valueRows) {
+    const bytes = values.length + state.insertPrefix.length + 4;
+    if (current.length > 0 && currentBytes + bytes > maxBytes) {
+      groups.push(current);
+      current = [];
+      currentBytes = 0;
+    }
+    current.push(values);
+    currentBytes += bytes;
+  }
+  if (current.length > 0) groups.push(current);
+  return groups;
+}
+
+export function generateTableData(config: TableGenerateConfig, databaseType?: DatabaseType): GenerateResult {
+  const state = createTableGenerateState(config, databaseType);
+  const rows = generateTableRowsChunk(config, state, config.rowCount);
+  const valueRows = rows.map((row) => formatGeneratedRowValues(config, databaseType, state, row));
+  const statements = buildGenerateInsertStatements(databaseType, state, valueRows);
+  return { columns: state.colNames, rows, sql: statements.join("\n"), statements };
 }

apps/desktop/src/lib/dataGrid/generateInsertAccounting.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,95 @@
+import { BackendErrorException } from "@/lib/backend/errorUtils";
+import type { QueryResult } from "@/types/database";
+
+export interface BatchExecutionOutcome {
+  /** Rows the backend confirmed, counted only from statements that succeeded. */
+  readonly insertedRows: number;
+  /** True when at least one statement in the batch failed. */
+  readonly failed: boolean;
+  /** Message of the first failed statement, when one is available. */
+  readonly error?: string;
+  /** Index of the first failed statement, when one is available. */
+  readonly failedStatement?: number;
+}
+
+const EMPTY_OUTCOME: BatchExecutionOutcome = { insertedRows: 0, failed: false };
+
+/**
+ * Maps the per-statement results of one executed batch back to the rows that
+ * were really inserted.
+ *
+ * Not every backend throws when a statement fails: the sequential executor
+ * (`query.rs`) records the failure in the result array and still returns `Ok`,
+ * and the MySQL batch route returns `Ok` with an embedded error result even on
+ * connection checkout failure. Counting rows on the `await` alone therefore
+ * over-reports inserts and can leave `continueOnError` silently dropping rows.
+ *
+ * `rowsPerStatement` comes from `generateInsertBatches()` and is aligned with
+ * the statements that were sent; a statement counts as successful only when it
+ * carries neither `execution_error` nor an `error`.
+ */
+export function summarizeBatchResults(results: QueryResult[] | null | undefined, rowsPerStatement: number[]): BatchExecutionOutcome {
+  if (!results || results.length === 0 || rowsPerStatement.length === 0) return EMPTY_OUTCOME;
+
+  let insertedRows = 0;
+  let error: string | undefined;
+  let failedStatement: number | undefined;
+
+  for (let index = 0; index < results.length && index < rowsPerStatement.length; index++) {
+    const result = results[index];
+    const statementError = statementErrorMessage(result);
+    if (statementError === undefined) {
+      insertedRows += Math.max(0, rowsPerStatement[index]);
+      continue;
+    }
+    if (failedStatement === undefined) {
+      failedStatement = index;
+      error = statementError;
+    }
+  }
+
+  const failed = failedStatement !== undefined;
+  return failed ? { insertedRows, failed, error, failedStatement } : { insertedRows, failed };
+}
+
+function statementErrorMessage(result: QueryResult): string | undefined {
+  if (!result) return "Unknown statement failure";
+  if (result.execution_error === true) {
+    return result.error?.detail ?? result.error?.messageKey ?? errorMessageFromRows(result);
+  }
+  if (result.error) {
+    return result.error.detail ?? result.error.messageKey;
+  }
+  return undefined;
+}
+
+/** Error-shaped results carry the driver message in a single "Error" row. */
+function errorMessageFromRows(result: QueryResult): string | undefined {
+  const firstRow = result.rows?.[0];
+  const firstCell = Array.isArray(firstRow) ? firstRow[0] : undefined;
+  return typeof firstCell === "string" && firstCell.trim().length > 0 ? firstCell : undefined;
+}
+
+const CANCELLATION_PATTERN = /\bcancel(?:ed|led|ing|ling|lation)?\b/i;
+
+/**
+ * Recognizes a failure produced by cancelling a query.
+ *
+ * Cancelling a transaction or a single-statement round trip surfaces as an
+ * error instead of a quiet stop, so a user-initiated cancel has to be told
+ * apart from a real SQL failure. The backend reports cancellation as
+ * "Query canceled" (`QUERY_CANCELED`); structured backend errors are matched on
+ * their code/message key as well.
+ */
+export function isQueryCanceledError(error: unknown): boolean {
+  if (error instanceof BackendErrorException) {
+    const { code, messageKey, detail } = error.backendError;
+    if (CANCELLATION_PATTERN.test(code) || CANCELLATION_PATTERN.test(messageKey)) return true;
+    if (detail !== undefined && CANCELLATION_PATTERN.test(detail)) return true;
+  }
+  return CANCELLATION_PATTERN.test(errorMessage(error));
+}
+
+export function errorMessage(error: unknown): string {
+  return error instanceof Error ? error.message : String(error);
+}